Meanings of Tool

Meanings of Tool Meanings of Tool Meanings of Tool By Maeve Maddox A reader wants to know who’s right about the use of the word tool: My brother vehemently asserts that a tractor counts as a tool, since it is an invention that helps someone do something. However, the rest of [my friends and family] maintain that since it is mechanical as opposed to manual, it does not fit the general connotation of a tool. Please help in settling this discussion once and for all. Like many common English words, tool is used with both literal and figurative meanings. Take the word hammer, for example. At the most basic level of meaning, a hammer is an implement for pounding nails or breaking something up. But pianos contain hammers that strike strings without breaking them, to produce sound. King Edward I of England (1239-1307) is known as â€Å"the Hammer of the Scots† because of his military incursions into Scotland, when he did his best â€Å"to hammer† the inhabitants into submission. So is it with tool. The noun tool has been with us since King Alfred’s day, when he used it in his translation of Boethius to refer to one of the necessities of life: â€Å"a tool [to practice] some craft.† Tool derives from an Old Germanic verb that meant â€Å"to prepare† or â€Å"to make.† In his dictionary of 1755, Dr. Johnson (1709-1784) defined tool as â€Å"any instrument of manual operation.† The OED expands on this basic definition: tool noun: a mechanical implement for working upon something, as by cutting, striking, rubbing, or other process, in any manual art or industry; usually, one held in and operated directly by the hand (or fixed in position, as in a lathe), but also including certain simple machines, as the lathe; sometimes extended to simple instruments of other kinds, [like a lens]. By extension, tool can refer to anything that helps a person carry out a job. For example, the tools I use to write these articles about language include a computer, the Google Ngram Viewer, and an assortment of reference books. Shakespeare plays on two meanings of tool in the opening scene of Romeo and Juliet. Sampson and Gregory, characters in the employ of the Capulets, make jokes laced with sexual innuendo. When two men employed by the Montagues enter, Gregory says, â€Å"Draw thy tool! here comes [sic] two of the house of the Montagues.† One meaning of tool common in Shakespeare’s day was â€Å"a weapon of war, especially a sword.† Another meaning for tool that the audience would have been aware of was â€Å"the male generative organ.† In reference to a person, a tool is â€Å"a person used by another for his own ends; one who is, or allows himself to be, made a mere instrument for some purpose†: Making a shocking statement of moral equivalence, Turness  stated  in 2006,  We have to ask ourselves, are we being the tool of terrorists or the tool of the government?    The idiom â€Å"tools of the trade† refers to anything that used in a particular occupation to achieve an intended goal: While the strategic goal of professional  campaigning  remains the same as it ever was- finding enough votes to win an election- the  tools of the trade  have undergone, and continue to undergo, a permanent technological revolution. The expression â€Å"to down tools† means, â€Å"to refuse to work, especially because you are not satisfied with your pay or working conditions,† as in this headline: Clinical interns threaten to down tools over allowances To get back to the question that prompted this post, the reader’s brother is not wrong to refer to a tractor as a tool in the context of something used to perform a task. Here, in an article about missionaries in Belize, the word tool is used with both meanings, â€Å"a handheld implement† and â€Å"a means of getting something done†: Fortunately, Paul  had  shipped his tractor, bush hog, plows, tools and other farming implements to Belize. The tractor has proved to be an invaluable tool, especially with rock removal. Note: Tool has other uses as a verb. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleOne Fell SwoopGrammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

30 Words Inspired by 29 People and An Elephant

30 Words Inspired by 29 People and An Elephant 30 Words Inspired by 29 People and An Elephant 30 Words Inspired by 29 People and An Elephant By Maeve Maddox Thousands of English words may be classed as eponyms, words derived from proper names. Many eponyms derive from deliberate choices to call a product, invention, or scientific discovery after the person most closely associated with it, for example: macadam, guillotine, pasteurisation. Sometimes scientific terms are coined to honor a famous person or a friend, for example, watt, ohm, and dahlia. Other eponyms derive from characters in fiction, mythology, or geographical locations, for example rambo, hermaphrodite, marathon. Eponyms I find especially interesting are those that derive not from a deliberate naming process, but from distinctive associations with specific individuals. Here are 30 eponyms that owe their existence to somethingphysical features, manner of dress, writing style, profession, or behaviorassociated with specific people (and one elephant). The People 1. bowdlerize [bÃ… dlÉ™-rÄ «z, boud-] remove sexually offensive words or passages from a written work before publishing it. From Thomas Bowdler (1754-1825) who published an edition of Shakespeare that left out such things as the porter scene in Macbeth. As preposterous as the idea may seem now, it was a boon to women who had previously been deterred from reading the plays by their parents, husbands, or dread of social disapproval. 2. boycott [boikÃ… t] refuse to do business with with someone. From Charles C. Boycott (1832-1897), the Irish land agent for an absentee landlord. Boycott refused to conform to land reforms supported by the Irish Land League. The League acted against Boycott by preventing his access to stores, postal service and other economic necessities. Boycotting is an important tool in campaigns of passive resistance to unjust social conditions. 3. cardigan [krdÄ ­-gÉ™n] style of sweater that opens at the front. From James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan who is said to have worn a knitted waistcoat to keep warm on campaign. He was one of the commanders in the field on the day of the fatal Charge of the Light Brigade in the Crimean War. 4. casanova [kÄÆ'sÉ™-nÃ… vÉ™] This is one of those many euphemisms for a man who preys on women. One definition is a man gallantly attentive to women. Others are promiscuous man, or philanderer. From Giacomo Jacopo Girolamo Casanova de Seignalt (1725-98), an Italian adventurer who wrote a memoir in which he bragged about his conquests. 5. chauvinism [shÃ… vÉ™-nÄ ­zÉ™m] fanatical patriotism or an intense belief in the superiority of ones own gender, group, or kind. From Nicholas Chauvin, a soldier in Napoleons Army who was a by-word for stubborn loyalty to Napoleons Empire long after Napoleons defeat. Male chauvinism is the belief that men are congenitally superior to women and therefore have the right to set the standards for acceptable female behavior. The adjective is chauvinistic. 6. C-section (shortening of Caesarian Section) medical procedure in which a child is delivered by being cut from the mothers womb. Tradition traces the word to the belief that Roman Dictator Julius Caesar was so born. However, Roman doctors performed the procedure to save a child when the mother died before completing delivery. Julius Caesars mother, Aurelia Cotta, lived to raise her grand-daughter. The word Caesarian for the medical procedure may have more to do with the family name Caesar than with Aurelias son. Caesar comes from Latin caesus, past participle of caedere, to cut. 7. gerrymandering [jÄ•rÄ“-mÄÆ'ndÉ™r, gÄ•r-] practice of dividing voting districts to give unfair advantage to one party. From Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814). The shape of one of the voting districts suggested the body of a salamander, prompting a staffer at the Boston Gazette to coin the word Gerrymander. 8. leotard [lÄ“É™-trd] tights worn for dancing. From Jules Là ©otard (circa 1839-1870), French acrobatic performer who was the inspiration for the 1867 song The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze. 9. luddite [lÃ… ­dÄ «t] opponent of technological progress. From Ned Ludd, an English laborer who was supposed to have destroyed weaving machinery around 1779. Later on (1811-1816) a band of weavers calling themselves Luddites destroyed machinery in the Midlands and northern England. 10. lynch [lÄ ­nch] Originally lynching meant any kind of impromptu justice, chiefly flogging. Now it means to hang someone in a mob frenzy without a trial. From William Lynch, the author of Lynchs Law. The law was an agreement with the Virginia General Assembly in 1782 that allowed Lynch to capture and punish criminals in Pittsylvania County without trial. The county lacked official courts. 11. machiavellian [mÄÆ'kÄ“-É™-vÄ•lÄ“-É™n] characterized by expediency, self-interest, and deceit. From Niccolà ² Machiavelli (1469-1527), Italian political theorist who wrote The Prince (1513). In it Machiavelli argues that the most effective way for men and governments to achieve and maintain power is to act without regard to moral considerations. 12. Mae West [mÄ  wÄ•st] a type of inflatable life jacket. Named for buxom U.S. film star Mae West (1892-1980). 13. marcel [mr-sÄ•l] a hairstyle characterized by deep regular waves made by a heated curling iron. Named for Francois Marcel, 19th century French hairdresser who invented the process in 1872. Can be used as a verb. 14. martinet [mrtn-Ä•t] a military officer who demands strict obedience to regulations; by extension, anyone who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules. Coined from the name of Col. Jean Martinet, a French drillmaster during the reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715). 15. masochism [mÄÆ'sÉ™-kÄ ­zÉ™m] sexual pleasure in being hurt or abused. Coined in 1883 by German neurologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902), from the name of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836-95). Sacher-Masoch was an Austrian novelist who wrote Venus in Furs, a novella about a man who enjoys submissive relationships with cruel women. The adjective is masochistic. 16. McCarthyism [mÉ™-krthÄ“-Ä ­zÉ™m] the practice of accusing people of political disloyalty without evidence; the use of unfair investigation methods to suppress opposition. From U. S. Senator Joe McCarthy (1908-1957). Playwright Arthur Miller allegorized McCarthy and his methods in The Crucible, a drama about the 1692 witch hunt and hangings in Salem, Massachusetts. 17. mirandize [mÉ™-rÄÆ'ndÄ «z] to read the legal rights to a suspect arrested on a criminal charge. From Ernesto A. Miranda (1941-1976), a laborer whose conviction on kidnapping, rape, and armed robbery was overturned because arresting officers had failed to inform him of his legal rights. Heres the rest of the story: Ernesto Miranda was retried after his conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court. In his second trial, his confession was not presented. Nevertheless, he was again convicted of kidnapping and rape based on other evidence. He served eleven years in prison before being paroled in 1972. After his release from prison, he made money by selling Miranda rights cards with his signature on them. In 1976, at the age of 34, he was stabbed to death in a bar fight. The man suspected of killing him invoked his Miranda rights and refused to talk to police. He was released and never charged with Mirandas murder. Mark Eiglarsh 18. Oscar statuette awarded for excellence in film acting, directing, etc., given annually since, 1928 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The name Oscar was first applied to the statuette in 1936. The story is that Margaret Herrick, the Academys librarian, reacted to her first look at the statuette with the remark: He reminds me of my Uncle Oscar. Her uncle was Oscar Pierce, U.S. wheat farmer and fruit grower. 19. pompadour [pÃ… mpÉ™-dà ´r, -dÃ… r] hair style in which the front of the hair is swept up and back in a large roll. Named for Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour (1721-1764) mistress of Louis XV. A masculine version of the pompadour brushes the hair up from the forehead. 20. Ponzi scheme [pÃ… nzÄ“] an investment scam by which early investors are paid off from the contributions of later ones. Named for Charles Ponzi, who perpetrated such a scam from 1919 to 1920. The name Ponzi may be eclipsed by that of Madoff to describe such a scheme. Ponzis scheme netted only a few million dollars. Bernard Madoff stole $50 billion from his investors over a period of several decades. 21. quisling [kwÄ ­zlÄ ­ng] traitor; turncoat; enemy collaborator. From Vidkun Quisling (1887-1945) a Norwegian politician who headed a puppet government for the Nazis during the World War II occupation of Norway. 22. raglan [rÄÆ'glÉ™n] having or being a sleeve that extends in one piece to the neckline of the garment, with slanted seams from the armhole to the neck. Named for Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan who was minus an arm. The special type of sleeve made his jacket fit better. Usually seen in the phrase raglan sleeve. 23. Reaganomics the economic policies of tax cutting and deficit spending. Named for Ronald Reagan, U.S. President from 1981 to 1989. 24. rubenesque [rÃ… «bÉ™-nÄ•sk] plump or fleshy and voluptuous. From Flemish painter Sir Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) whose paintings favor that particular female body type. 25. sadism [sÄ dÄ ­zÉ™m, sÄÆ'dÄ ­z-] love of cruelty. From Count Donatien A.F. de Sade (1740-1815), a.k.a. the Marquis de Sade. He wrote novels that, according to the Wikipedia article, explored such controversial subjects as rape, bestiality and necrophilia. He was a proponent of extreme freedom (or at least licentiousness), unrestrained by morality, religion or law, with the pursuit of personal pleasure being the highest principle. The adjective is sadistic [sÉ™-dÄ ­stÄ ­k]. 26. sideburns [sÄ «dbà »rnz] strips of hair at the sides of the face. The word began as burnsides and referred to a style of facial hair that consisted of flaring side whiskers joining in the mustache. The chin was clean-shaven. Named for U.S. Army Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside (1824-81) who wore them. The words elements changed places by the process of folk etymology (false etymology). 27. tattersall [tÄÆ'tÉ™r-sà ´l, -sÉ™l] a pattern of dark lines forming squares on a light background; type of fabric with small and even check pattern. From Richard Tattersall (1724-1795), founder of Tattersalls, a London horse market and gambling rendezvous he founded in 1766. The pattern was a traditional one for horse blankets. 28. Victorian [vÄ ­k-tà ´rÄ“-É™-nÄ ­zÉ™m, -tÃ… r-] In one sense, the adjective can refer simply to the period of history that corresponds more or less to the reign of Queen Victoria of Britain (1837-1901), a period during which Britain led the world militarily, industrially, and politically. In another sense it signifies prudish behavior and social attitudes typical of the time. The phrase Victorian London evokes the image of a city of extremes. On one hand middleclass morality was so uptight that the word limb was preferred to more graphic words such as leg and arm. Ive read that even piano legs were carefully clothed with ruffled coverings for reasons of modesty. On the other hand abandoned children slept in doorways in slums so depraved that police were afraid to go into them. 29. wellingtons [wÄ•lÄ ­ng-tÉ™n] waterproof boots of rubber or sometimes leather reaching to below the knee and worn in wet or muddy conditions. Named for Arthur, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769-1852), who also in his lifetime had a style of coat, hat, and trousers named for him as well as varieties of apple and pine trees. ...and the Elephant 30. jumbo [jÃ… ­mbÃ… ] unusually large. In the 1880s jumbo was an English slang word for clumsy, unwieldy fellow. The famous elephant named Jumbo lived in the London Zoo for 17 years and was a great favorite with the English public. U.S. showman P.T. Barnum bought Jumbo for $10,000 in 1882. Thanks to circus advertising, the name Jumbo became a synonym for huge. In those days before animal protection laws, poor Jumbo did not have a happy life. Born in the French Sudan in 1861, he spent some time being exhibited in Paris before going to the London Zoo in 1865. When Barnum offered to buy him, 100,000 English school children wrote to Queen Victoria begging her to stop the sale. To no avail. Read Jumbos sad story at Wikipedia. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†What is Dative Case?10 Functions of the Comma

Assignmens Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignmens - Assignment Example Infanticide is murder and it is indeed a crime. Morally one cannot harm any creature which has life unless it is for his survival. Abortion is immoral because it is a killing of a life. A fetus is a developing person and a human in formation. Just because the fetus is silent and unseen it does not lose the right to live. It is a life form given chance to live in world by God and no one has the right to abort its life. Immorality is any effort of human to kill another life form. A fetus is human and killing is crime and against natures law. A fetus has the right to live and need to give consideration which a human get and hence killing a fetus is immoral. Abortion is a shame on humanity and is equal to killing of a person. No, Thompson does not provide a defensible argument to the right to life. Right to life is something which God bestow upon a creature and a human does not have the power to kill a fetus. A fetus is life and a mother and a human has an obligation to protect the life. The life could be taken only if it is a threat to the life of the mother or her health. Unless and other wise, these is no defensible argument which can justify abortion. Thompson considers the fetus out of rape as a threat to mother, but the child which is unborn is innocent and is her offspring so she should protect it. A mother cannot unplug a child from her body like an ailing person who is connected to her. A child is the blood and gene of a mother and she is no way can steal her right to live. George is right on arguing against abortion as they advocate fetus to be a complete person. A human being is formed from the point of fertilization. When ovum and sperm unite, the human is formed and then it is a person. The authors are right on the fact that a mother has the responsibility of protecting her child in the womb. An embryo has pain and it can feel as a life form and has the right to live. The author explains that fetus performs bodily action and can have

Nutritional Value of Fast Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutritional Value of Fast Food - Essay Example The sandwich itself comes with vegetables included such as tomatoes, pickles, onions, and lettuce leaves. Thus giving the sandwich more nutritional value for my money. It is a heavy meal because of the proteins that were combined and the Kaiser bun itself is light in texture although quite filling to the stomach. Topping off the meal with a Lemonade drink helps cut the calorie and fat count of the sandwich since acidity in food or drinks has been known to have a positive effect on the intake of carbohydrates and fats. I eat these types of meals at Wendy's about once a week. As a full-time student, I find that I do not have the time to whip up a meal from scratch. Wendy's burgers and drinks offer me a healthy meal alternative that helps me achieve the nutritional needs of my body. I grab the meal to go or for delivery and sit at my study desk as I continue to concentrate on my studies. This type of food gives me the much-needed energy boost that helps me get through my long study sess ions that often last well into the night. Chili's Entree: Grilled Chicken Salad 270 Calories 14 g. Total Fat 4 g. Sat. Fat 14 g. Carbohydrates 25 g. Protein 4 g. Fiber 610 mg. Sodium Drink: Frosty Chocolate Shake 690 Calories 33 g. Fat 21 g. Sat. Fat 92 g. Carbohydrates 8 g. Protein 0 Fiber 210 mg. Sodium Comment: I normally eat at Chili's about once or twice a month depending upon my financial needs for the next 2 weeks. I do not usually carbo load unless I have to, such as when I need to have marathon study sessions or when I need to finish a school paper within a matter of hours. I normally watch what I eat and make sure that the food will not harm my body in any way. Which is why I normally order the Grilled Chicken Salad at Chilies. It is a very filling meal that has a decent number of calories and a very controlled amount of fats in it. Since the chicken is grilled, the skin is removed and the part used is usually the breast which is known to be the healthiest part of the chic ken. It is served with a light vinaigrette on a bed of vegetables that are as fresh as they can come. I often top the meal with a Frosty Chocolate Shake because I have a weakness for milkshakes. The calcium that I get from the shake helps augment my limited calcium intake during the week. Knowing that the food at Chili's is always healthy, I really wish I could eat there more than once a month. But the prices are prohibitive and I need to watch my budget so I always make sure to drop in for a decent and healthy meal every time I have the extra cash on hand to do so. Comment on Student #1: Student # 1 readily shared his experience with eating the â€Å"junk food† of all burgers, that is McDonald's. A McDonald's meal easily satiates one's appetite due to the overwhelming amount of grease and preservatives that go into the preparation of their sandwiches and fries. That is why when it comes to eating fast food sandwiches, it is always best to look for the ones that come with a n utritional rating that supports the sandwich ingredients. His choice of Dr. Pepper is also alarming. Knowing that sodas are laden with sugar and nothing more than that, it was a wise decision for the student to shy away from McDonald's for the rest of the year.  

Introduction Of Organic Growth Marketing Essay

Introduction Of Organic Growth Marketing Essay Organic growth represents the true growth for the core of the company, as a results of how well one company can use its internal resources to expand profits. Its the process of business expansion due to the increasing of sales, overall customer base, total assets, intangible assets or any combination of the following above. It also reflect the sustainable capacity of one company As a results of organic growth, Inorganic growth is the opposed of organic growth which results mergers and acquisitions, such as growth that are not coming from one companys existing business which also includes the impact of foreign exchange or growth that come from buying a new business that may be negative. Organic growth expanding are adjusted for the effects of acquisitions and disposals of business. Organic growth does include growth that are over a period that results from investment in businesses in one company owned at the beginning. Acquisitions, and the decline from sales and closures of whole businesses are not included into the organic growth expanding. When a company does not disclose organic growth number, its usually possible to estimate them by estimating the numbers for acquisitions made in the period being looked at and in the previous year, Its useful to break down organic sales growth into that coming from market growth and that coming from profits gains in market share, this also makes it easier to see how sustainable growth is. Relating to organic input in an organization, it can also relate to the act of closing or shutting down cost centers through established organic methods instead of waiting for a finance list. How is Organic Growth Measured Organic growth is generally measured in terms of increased sales, profits or total assets. And most companies are constantly faced with the challenges from this in their business. Businesses can choose to build their in-house competencies, invest to create competitive advantages, differentiate and innovate in their products or service line or leverage upon the market, products and revenues of other companies. Simply put, business expansion with the help of the businesses core-competencies and sale refers to organic growth and is in contrast with inorganic growth approach where expansion objectives are met though mergers and acquisition. This is also known as MA which is one of the most popular program now. An excellent example of organic growth probably (Apple Inc.). The growth rate at Apple is driven by trend-setting product innovation. Macintosh, I Mac, I Pod and the latest technological breakthrough pioneered by Apple is the I Phone, dont mention about the latest I phone 5. In research, Steve jobs, Founder of Apple Inc. comments Our belief was that if we kept putting great products in front of our customers, they would continue to open their wallets. Microsoft, on the other hand is a clear case of In-Organic growth is measured as it has successfully completed more than 100 acquisitions since 1986. Inorganic growth or growing through mergers and acquisitions also provides the following benefits below to the business plan. To reduce market competition Instantly adds service lines to acquiring company Provides access to fresh customer base and adds new geographical locations within Acquire an established marketing channel New management skills Time to market substantially reduced which gives businesses a significant competitive edge Building brans and marketing channels to serve customers better Focus on growth strategies (It is easy to prepare and plan well) Organizational efficiency Industry and economic factors play a crucial role in motivating companies to adopt the inorganic route for growth. Slowing industry growth rate, fragmented industry, too many competitors fighting for the same market share are some compelling reasons which push businesses towards MA route. Other than that, economic slump creates opportunities for cash rich companies to get hold of unutilized capacities of loss making competitors at attractive valuation. The success of organic growth is a test of the managements ability to share a common vision and deliver that vision. Companies growing organically not only measure their success on financial metrics alone but take careful note of other metrics like customer satisfaction metrics, product quality metrics, logistics and supply chain metrics etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..some of the typical characteristics of businesses which believe in the benefits of organic growth are customer centricity. 3.Types of Organic Growth Type of organic growth strategies are built up of, Revenue, Headcount, Public Relations Quality. This are all the four main pillars that support Organic Growth. Revenue is the lifeblood of any business. Without dollars flowing in, it is impossible to pay employees, suppliers and vendors. Businesses that are growing organically seek to grow revenue volume in the most efficient manner possible. Revenue growth eventually leads to profit growth, which is the final goal of organic growth strategies. Headcount is critical for any growing business. As revenue grows, companies can afford to hire more employees. For customer service, sales and marketing and production departments to function efficiently, they must properly well staffed. A good HR department is critical to the success of a growing company. Quality is more important than quantity for company headcount, as employees are the biggest asset of any small or big enterprises. Public Relations and advertising allow companies to get the word out about their products and services. Good public relations drives traffic to company websites and gets perspective customers attention. Good public relations strategies also allow for revenue growth to keep those properly staffed departments busy. While bad public relations can be more damaging to a company than good Public relations can be effective. Word of mouth or social media and traditional public relations avenues all must be used and monitored to ensure positive word of mouth advertising and branding. Quality in growing company started with the first contact a customer has with the corporation all the way to delivery of the final product. To successfully grow any enterprise, there needs to be a quality product. Organic growth relies on repeat business from satisfied customers. Customers will rarely buy a product a second time if the first impression or experience isnt top notch. Quality control and customer service are critical to gaining a sufficient sales volume to grow a company. Whether its a website or an in person sales presentation, the initial contact with potential clients must be top notch. Product quality, customer service and product support need to continue the standard of excellence that the marketing and sales departments begins. With all four pillars growing in sync, organic growth is inevitable. Organic Growth (Internal External Methods) Compare Internal growth External growth, internal growth is typically a slower process and can be financed by asking shareholders to contribute more capital, or by ploughing back profits into business. The main disadvantage of such an approach is that it takes time. In the meanwhile, rivals may be expanding and gaining competitive advantage. However, the main advantage is that the business is able to maintain a healthy gearing position. Because it is not building up external debts that require interest repayments, it is better placed maintain solvent growth. In addition ownership and control of the business is more likely to be retained by the existing shareholders. Many of the leading companies owe much of their early growth to internal growth, where through hard work and careful planning the original owners were able to grow their businesses successfully. While External growth can be carried out by seeking external finance, or merger and acquisition. These approaches tend to reply on bringing external fiancà © into the business in order to fund expansion, and therefore can lead to a deteriorating gearing postion. Merging with another company is a mutual arrangement whereby two companies join together. Typically one company will issue shares in exchange for shares in another company. A take-over occurs when one business acquires a controlling interest in another. This Involves purchasing at least half of the shares in the company being taken over. External growth enables fast expansion of business but there are a number of problems. Where two companies come together, the cultures may be quite different and difficult to match up. In additional there may be disagreements between managers who are used to work in a different practices and systems. The business change needs to be handled carefully from the human resource management perspective. Experts Comments According to experts, getting organic growth right is the key point to success. Organic growth is the lifeblood of every company. While acquisitions are a path to growth, Booz Company research shows that few acquisitions can be justified on cost synergies alone; buyers must be able to grow organically what they acquire. Yet most companies struggle with organic growth, especially when their business models and markets have matured. There are many reasons for this. For example, short-term pressures to produce profits can stunt investment, and typecasting some businesses as cash cows and others as growth engines can become self-defeating. One very common problem is chasing rainbows that will never be caught, while the best opportunities are hiding in plain sight. In an economy still facing massive headwinds, the ability to grow organically is more crucial than ever; companies can no longer see organic growth as an everyday task best to the operating units. Organic Development Preferred Many see organic growth as the most preferred growth strategy, for example, Banks considered organic growth to be the number one strategic priority, a survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) has found that 92 percent of survey participants saw opportunities more on organic growth than in acquisition. The proportion was 10 percentage points higher. The survey of more than 100 senior banking executives found there could be a growth in branch expansions in 2012, as 39 percent of those polled said they planned op open up to 25 braches this year, while 11 percent planned to open more then than 100 branches. According to one of the spoke man, that fiqure was in line with the finding that 35 percent say small and medium enterprises (SMEs) will generate the highest growth in lending in 2012, while savings accounts (43 percent) will be the most popular form of funding. Conclusion To conclude, Overall growth option offer intrinsic value in their own way and the choice is dependant on the market and industry scenario as well as the strategic vision of the business. In face, a good management principle would be to use a combination of both methods to gain a steady growth pattern in which benefits the business in a long run. Using organic growth options for things which one does best, and using inorganic growth measures for the expanding the business potential is a potent mix when it comes to gearing up for growth. Inorganic growth is not necessarily in conflict with the organic growth, acquisitions are meant to complement the organic growth rather than act as a substitute, that talent and technology that was elsewhere and which can now be integrated to boost company performance. Thus, smaller companies with low risk taking abilities should establish their presence in market through organic approach to growth and eventually should look to accelerate their growth rate by strategic acquisitions once they have financial ability to bear the risks that come along with mergers and acquisitions. Bigger companies on the other hand should allocate their investment capacity between internal investments on enhancing competitiveness and acquisitions to tap into faster growth options by consolidating within the industry, acquiring presence in other markets and bringing in newer technologies or talents that complement and enhance their competitive position.

Critical thinking Essay

1. What do the authors mean by â€Å"templates†? It means that you can use right away to structure and even generate your own writing. 2. What does critical thinking require? It requires the questioning of assumptions, develop strong claims, offer supporting reasons and evidence, and consider opposing arguments. 3. How would you describe the difference between â€Å"arguing† and â€Å"entering† a conversation? In â€Å"arguing†, you assert the views of yourself and when you â€Å"enter the conversation†, you present the views of other people. 4. What famous argument do the authors use as an example? Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† 5. Using the 1st template on page 9, fill in the blanks with a controversial topic that interests you. He claims that gay marriages are acceptable, and I have mixed feelings about it. On the one hand I agree that a gay marriage is a commitment. On the other hand, I still insist that a marriage should be between a man and a woman. 6. What do the authors mean by a â€Å"larger conversation† and how are you supposed to use it as a writer? In particular, read page 19 carefully. â€Å"Larger conversation† helps the writer show what the information is responding to the point of the thesis. 7. What suggestions do the authors make for starting your paper? Start with what others are saying as in the title of the chapter recommends. 8. Isolate 10 templates you might actually use in your writing and explain the function of each. * Americans have always believed that __________________. * Conventional wisdom has it that ______________________. * Common sense seems to dictate that ___________________. * The standard way of thinking about topic X has it that _____. * It is often said that _________________________________. * My whole life I have heard it said that __________________. * You would think that ______________________________. * Many people assume that ___________________________. * I’ve always believed that ___________________________. * When I was a child, I used to think that ________________. 9. Define â€Å"return sentence.† A sentence that returns to the motivating â€Å"They say†. 10. On page 29, the author describes the qualities of a good summary. What are they? A good summary requires balancing the writing when the author writes and emphasizing those aspects of what the author is trying to say. 11. From each of the verb categories listed on page 37, select 5 that you think you might actually use in an argument. * Argue * Observe * Claim * Emphasize * Believe 12. According to the authors, why is it important to quote others? Quotes give tremendous amount of credit to the summary and also helps make sure it’s fair or equal. 13. Briefly summarize what the authors have to say about the relevant quotations. You need to have a sense of what you want to do with the quotations. 14. Give 5 examples of templates used for introducing quotations. * According to X, â€Å"_____________________.† * X Himself writes, â€Å"____________________.† * In her book, _______, X maintains that â€Å"___.† * X agrees when she writes, â€Å"______________.† * X complicates matters further when she writes, â€Å"______.†

The Industrial Revolution During The 20th Century

The industrial revolution was one of the biggest innovations from the 18th to 19th centuries. The Industrial Revolution changed the way the world was looking at altogether; new things were possible, things that no one ever could’ve dreamed of. In addition, creating new methods of production, manufacturing times were greatly lowered, meaning the product could be given to the public faster and in larger quantities. The Industrial Revolution was when the world finally began to move into the future, due to it, we have the world we live in today. The American economy was caught in transition in the event of the Civil War. What had been an almost purely agricultural economy in 1800 was in the first stages of an industrial revolution which would†¦show more content†¦When the Industrial Revolution reflects upon, not every change can be thought of in a blissful manner. Factories needed workers, and often time children were resorted to as cheap employees. Many children were killed during the Industrial Revolution; these children obviously didn’t have the motor skills to be working in factories. Eventually child labor laws were created to put restrictions on child labor exploiters. All the labor was done manually and required physical forces so the productivity was slow, an example was the cotton production, which involved only in person to clean the cotton by extracting the seed and produce threat, subsequence the demand of cotton John Kay invented the Flying shuttle to speed the process of weaving and the demand of threat. Then, because of the advance other inventors came with more innovated ideas. Another great invention was the spinning mule in 18th century invention that spun textile fibers into yarn by an intermittent process: in the draw stroke, the roving is pulled through and twisted; on the return it is wrapped onto the spindle. The steam engine began to