Character Cannot Be Developed in Ease and Quiet Critical Lens Essay

Basic Lens Essay Helen Keller once said â€Å"Character can't be created in simplicity and calm. Just through the experience of preliminary and enduring can the spirit be fortified, vision cleared, desire roused and achievement accomplished. As it were what this citation implies is the thing that people experience in life makes them what they are. People need to experience great and terrible to learn love and quality. Two models that help the legitimacy of this citation are Night by Elie Wiesel and The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros.In Night by Elie Wiesel, the hero, Eliezer, is taken to Birkenau during World War Two with his dad and is isolated from the remainder of his family. When seeing such horrendous conditions in the death camp, Eliezer begins to lose confidence in God and in himself, yet as his character manufactures, he begins to develop as time went on. Eliezer’s encounters instruct people that life in not generally far; a few people lose confidence and su rrender yet a few, as Eliezer, gain quality from their encounters and develop their character.In The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, the hero, Esperanza, lives on Mango Street with her family and battles with occasions where she is confronted with grown-up obligations and development. In the vignette â€Å"Red Clowns†, she is exploited and encounters a demonstration of nature where she is changed into a lady. Esperanza shows that conquering disasters make you a more grounded individual. With such encounters comes quality and maturity.In both Night by Elie Wiesel and The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, the heroes, Esperanza and Eliezer are confronted with occasions that make them more grounded and better individuals. They are two instances of people that help the legitimacy of the statement that Helen Keller once said â€Å"Character can't be created in simplicity and calm. Just through the experience of preliminary and enduring can the spirit be reinforce d, vision cleared, aspiration roused and achievement achieved†. In any event, when difficulties arise, people learn love and quality which permits them to acquire triumph and construct character and accomplish their fantasies.

english colonies, north and so essays

english provinces, north thus papers English Colonies, North and South Miguel Fuentes Chesapeake and New England were basically settled by individuals from a similar nation, yet the outlook of the two states were totally extraordinary. All left with beginning a province, yet one depended on religion and prosperousness and the other depended on riches and ravenousness. As composed by John Winthrope, rich, poor, ground-breaking and feeble, must cooperate as one man under god-like. As he wrote cheerful on board the Arbella while in transit to the new world. The north appeared to be progressively prosperous and polite, the north was not terrified of Indians, and attempt to take up arms, however attempted to educate and help the Indians in the lessons of their god. as indicated by the rundown of displaced people to New England, families were setting out on the journey to the new world, in this way prompting the presumption that these individuals were going to attempt to begin a province to populate the new nation. The individuals of the north were strict individuals and based their life, rules and spirits on the lessons of the master, as appeared in the articles of understanding. The south anyway did not depend on such spirits as their contrary partners, the north. As accumulated from the reports it didn't appear as though the south was attempting to construct a province by any means. Concurring tom the rundown of exiled people to Virginia, men vigorously out gauged ladies, subsequently it was difficult to assemble families. At the point when they arrived at Virginia they burrowed for gold constantly. These individuals were attempted to death and not took care of well as expressed in report F. The south continually battled with the Indians, trespassers, for example, the Dutch, and themselves. Religion, good, and avarice are a portion of the words that could be utilized in differentiating the north and the south. In spite of the fact that they all originated from England, they showed up in the new world totally unique. They shared almost no in like manner despite the fact that the two of them endure, scarcely in the souths case, when they small spared by the di ... <!

Lets Talk Spoiler Myths

Lets Talk Spoiler Myths Lately I’ve noticed an uptick in very heated spoiler debate online and I suspect, in the book community at least, it’s about to get a whooooole lot hotter at the end of the month when Harry Potter and The Cursed Child begins its run at the end of the month and the script is released the following day. So let’s talk spoilers, people. Specifically, let’s talk myths about spoilers. Spoiler Myth #1: Spoilers are “not a thing.” Anyone who says this should be thrown in side-eye jail on the charge of extreme smarm. This is obtuseness for obtuseness’ sake; of course spoilers are “a thing.” They may not be a thing that matters to you, but they exist. Far be it for me to pull a “The dictionary defines ‘spoiler’ as …” but it’s there. You know what it means. You know when you’re doing it. Don’t be cute. When you say spoilers arent “a thing,” what you are saying is that they don’t matter to you and therefore shouldnt matter to anyone else. But guess what? You dont get to decide what matters to other people and what matters to you isn’t necessarily more important or correct than what matters to them! Next! Spoiler Myth #2: If spoilers actually ruin the reading or viewing experience for you, that means you are either not a sophisticated reader/viewer or the book/film/series you are consuming itself is too plot-heavy. I’ve seen various permutations of this, and they all reveal the same smug superiority of Myth #1. Caring about spoilers is not bad or anti-intellectual. Spoilers are value-neutral. The idea that viewers or readers spoiler preferences reflect on the quality of the book/series/film is especially baffling to me because there is rarely consensus. Any book, series or film, no matter how theme- or character-centric, will still have viewers or readers who prefer to avoid spoilers. Commonly-held wisdom about stories is that “it’s not the destination, it’s the journey.” For some that means they dont mind knowing where a story ends up, because the pleasure is in knowing how it gets there. Others prefer to be entirely lead by the storyteller and for the “destination,”   as well as the journey, to surprise them. It is okay to determine your own viewing or reading experience to the best of your ability (emphasis on your ability; we’ll come back to that one later). There is no “right” or “pure” way of experiencing a story and anyone who tells you otherwise is simply trying to feel better about themselves. Ignore them. Spoiler Myth #3: No one should ever discuss or read spoilers in advance because that is not how the artist intended for their work to be consumed. I’ve got two words for these people: Barthes, baby. The author is dead even if they’re alive and well. They put that beautiful art out into the world; their intentions and their preferences for how people interact with it is not their business. Let it go. Spoiler Myth #4: “People” (or often, “the internet”) should refrain from publicly discussing anything that could constitute a spoiler for [X period of time]. I suspect this is the most contentious one, but sorry spoiler-haters: the “spoilers are a thing” I talked about above cuts both ways. Spoilers are real. They’re a fact of life now and there is no putting the genie back in the bottle. There will never be a Universal Spoiler Accord for when it becomes appropriate to discuss the events of a book/series/film because a) some people don’t care, and b) the speed with which people consume media varies widely and is based on a host of different factors: their job, their location, their budget, their family situation, etc. The list of people you can reasonably ask to refrain from discussing spoilers includes your close friends and family when they are in direct conversation with you. End. of. list. Spoiler warnings are a courtesy. Refraining from mentioning spoilers is a courtesy. It is nice when people do these things and as a general rule we should all try to be as courteous as possible! However, you simply are not entitled to police other people’s public discussions. And there is never any excuse for barging up to a stranger or into their mentions to yell at them about it. (Please note that I am referring to the average reader or viewer who have consumed media on or after its release date here. Professional reviewers or anyone who receives screeners or arcs should avoid spoiling stories either on their social media or in their reviews in advance of the release. However, reviews =/= recaps or essays. If you read the latter two, it’s probably safe to assume they will include spoilers). If you are the one who cares about spoilers, the onus is on you to control your own reading or viewing experience. There are a variety of strategies for mitigating the risk of encountering spoilers online (mostly liberal muting), but the best one is to stay off the internet entirely. And believe me, I practice what I preach. When I wanted to wait until after Christmas to see The Force Awakens so I could see it with my family, I refrained from going online for two weeks. I even avoided my local comic store in case people were discussing it there. This was extremely annoying and inconvenient! It sucked! But it was my sucky, extreme annoyance and inconvenience to deal with and no one else’s. My spoiler position in summation: mind your own business and be nice! Do not judge or control how people choose to experience and discuss the stories that matter to them. The end. Also In This Story Stream View all spoilers posts-->

Civil Rights and the Second Reconstruction - 1189 Words

Civil Rights and the Second Reconstruction The Civil Rights era was one of the most tumultuous times in American history. The country appeared at once to be striving forward for social progress and, simultaneously, coming apart at the seams. It is exactly this contradiction which drives our discussion the period known as the Second Reconstruction. Named in reference to the original Reconstruction era which succeeded the Civil War and the abolition of slavery in the South, the Second Reconstruction was akin to its namesake in the intended advance of racial equality and its concurrent effect of retrenchment of white supremacist ideologies. These opposing forces would define a period in American history rightly associated with a violent realization of long-simmering cultural conflict. In many ways, the ball would begin rolling for true Civil Right reform several decades before meaningful reform could be achieved. However, as early as the period immediately following a World War II confl ict distinguished by the horrific excess of its ethnically motivated atrocities, the United States began to reexamine its own record. Accordingly, Black American in Congress (BAIC) (2012) report, During the 1940s and 1950s, executive action, rather than legislative initiatives, set the pace for measured movement toward desegregation. President Harry S. Truman expanded on Roosevelts limited and tentative steps toward racial moderation and reconciliation. Responding to civil rightsShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War And Reconstruction977 Words   |  4 Pagescalled the Reconstruction period â€Å"America’s Second Revolution†, his characterization was correct. Reconstruction can be viewed as a revolution because the previous social order, slavery, was replaced suddenly by a more favorable one, freedom for African-Americans. There was a long period of politicization for incorporating free African-Americans into white society. Reconstruction also revolutionized the preconceived notion that the states had autonomous power. The Civil War and Reconstruction were revolutionaryRead MoreReconstruction Vs Republican Reconstruction Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Civil war came to an end in 1865 after the Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union. The Civil War left a huge number of destructions along the way in the North and the South. The North were required to reconstruct the Confederate States. And that caused the appearance of the Reconstruction Era in 1865. It was a period in which Americans â€Å"put the pieces together†. People were split after the Civil War, some wanted to reconstruct the Confederate states- where it is politicallyRead MoreReview: the Continuing Evolution of Reconstruction History by Eric Foner961 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of race relations, politics, and economic change during Reconstruction.† The article essentially encompasses the meaning of three different views of reconstruction: traditional, revisionist, and post-revisionist. After F oner defines these and explains his thesis, the article becomes somewhat of an advertisement for his own articles on the topic. Foner defines the traditionalist view as the interpretation that when then civil had finally come to an end, the white population of the south moreRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1054 Words   |  5 Pages As the civil war was ending many people could see that the odds of the north winning increased dramatically however many people can argue this idea based on the several events that took place during the second phase of the civil war. Carl Schurz concluded, â€Å"The Civil War was a revolution, but half accomplished.†(Roark et al 434) Reconstruction started before the civil war ended until 1877, when people of the United States tried figuring out how to put the country back together. Many people hadRead MoreThe Reconstruction Is A Revolutionary Movement Of The United States990 Words   |  4 PagesMost people believes that the South win in the period reconstruction with many different ways. The Reconstruction is a revolutionary movement of the United States. It changes aspects in history of the United States. It occurs after the American Civil War. The Reconstruction is one of the most controversial period America’s history. That is the period the South gets more benefit than the North. In my opinion, the most win of the South is that it has strengthened democracy about political, economicRead MoreChapter 22 Apush Key Terms1694 Words   |  7 Pagesthe end of the Civil War. At the end of the war, the Bureaus main role was providing emergency food, housing, and medical aid to refugees, though it also helped reunite families. Later, it focused its work on helping the freedmen adjust to their conditions of freedom. Its main job was setting up work opportunities and supervising labor contracts. 8. Exodusters Was a name given to African Americans who left the south[Kansas] in 1879 and 1880. After the end of Reconstruction, racial oppressionRead MoreReconstruction Of The United States1181 Words   |  5 PagesBy 1877, reconstruction had successfully restored the United States as a unified nation. Each Confederate state had thoroughly drafted state constitutions, pledged their loyalty to the United States government, and accepted the newly Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. However, reconstruction inevitably failed the South. The legislation of Radical Republicans failed to give protection to freed slaves from further persecution of whites; and it also failed to fundamentally refabricateRead MoreReconstruction : The Failure Of Reconstruction1529 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction: By: Siryet Girma 1,514 words 7 pages Historical Paper Reconstruction: the failure Reconstruction was a failure because African American were still not equal to White Americans. The Emancipation Proclamation was proclaimed in January 1, 1863. It freed more than 3 million slaves in the Confederate states by January 1, 1863, blacks enlisted in the Union Army in large numbers, reaching some 180,000 by war’sRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1577 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the end of the Civil War, the most challenging, and equally important task for the federal government of the US was to reconstruct the defeated South and establish equality for the African Americans. A highly debated and crucial topic in this time period was the rights of the free black men to vote. â€Å"The goal of Reconstruction was to readmit the South on terms that were acceptable to the North –full political and civil equality for blacks and a denial of the political rights of whites who wereRead MoreHow Important Was the Reconstruction Period of 1865-1877 in the De velopment of African American Civil Rights797 Words   |  4 PagesThe end of the civil war should’ve marked a major turning point for the position of African Americans. The north’s victory marked the end of slavery and in addition, the fourteenth and fifteenth amendment guaranteed African Americans full civil and political equality. However, the end of the civil war and the beginning of the reconstruction era was seen a ‘false dawn for the slaves in the former confederacy and border states. 1865 saw the creation of the freedman bureau to provide food, shelter

The Problem Of Teen Suicide - 976 Words

Teen suicide is one of the leading causes of death among teens and a significant problem in the United States. Consequently, suicide is a tragedy not only for that person, but also for their family and friends that are left behind (Bell). Many teens of all races are affected by this intentional, self-inflicted death. Even though the causes of suicide can be hard to isolate, the signs can be linked to depression, drug abuse, emotional neglect of their parents, bullying, parents divorcing, sexual and domestic abuse. Sadness, feelings of lack of worthiness, uninterested in activities are all signs of depression. Depression is a mood disorder and it is one of the most common signs that lead to suicide. Teenagers let problems take over their live. If this mental disorder is identified in the early stages, professional guidance may solve the problem (Bell). Time is the main factor for depression. Emotional distress is usually what the teenager feels before attempting or completing the act. The only way their behavior will improve is through professional help. Emotional neglect of parents can affect teens in a way that is hard to believe. Parents are busy with their lives and sometimes forget about their children’s emotional needs. Therefore, the child feels their existence no longer matters (Bell). Divorce is another catalyst in teen suicide. Teens that are in a middle of a divorce tend to blame themselves for their parents break up. Feelings of abandonment takes over andShow MoreRelat edThe Problem Of Teen Suicide1609 Words   |  7 PagesTeen suicide is one of the largest problems facing America at the moment, and it will only become worse if the country does not come up with a solution. â€Å"According to the American Psychiatric Association, suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people between eleven and eighteen years of age (Teen Suicide).† American families can not keep losing sons and daughters to this entirely preventable epidemic. The largest issue with teen suicide is that Americans are using largely outdatedRead MoreThe Problem Of Teen Suicide856 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Suicide There is a large problem in Iowa, teen suicide. Suicide is the second leading cause of death of teenagers, ages 15-19 years old. From 2008 through 2012, there were 126 teenagers who decided to end their own life (Children’s Safety Network, 2015). Teen suicide is a problem because the teens that decide to commit suicide and succeed, won’t live to see how life gets better. Schools need to start Some causes of teen suicide could include depression, stress from school and personal lifeRead MoreTeen Depression : The Problem Of Teenage Depression, And Teen Suicide721 Words   |  3 PagesTeen depression is a definite topic most people are unaware of and depression is a worldwide issue and is the leading disability. Depression can lead to many things, from anxiety to thoughts of suicide. Things like social media is a big cause of depression. Everyone has those days where they are feeling sad or maybe even just having a bad day. Sometimes, it goes even more downhill. When it turns into something major, it becomes a real problem. Some people ignore the issue, brushing it off as a â€Å"phaseRead MoreTeen Suicide: A Growing Problem Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesSuicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem.; Teen suicide as an extremely complex tragedy, that unfortunately happens all the time throughout the United States. There are friends, parents, and peers that are facing the misfortune of losing a young, close, loved one to suicide. Most people dont realize that adolescent suicide is common. They dont want to believe how often this occurs in the secure environment found in the small towns of America, as well as in its largest cities.Read MoreEssay about The Growing Problem of Teen Suicide2343 Words   |  10 Pages A mother finds her 17 year old teenage son hanging from the rafters of their basement. To hear of this occurrence is not rare in society today. Every 90 minutes a teenager in this country commits suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds. The National suicide rate has increased 78% between 1952 and 1992. The rate for 15-19 year olds rose from two per 100,000 to 12.9, more than 600 percent. (Special report, Killing the Pain, Rae Coulli) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ARead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesTeen suicide is the third leading cause of death for high schools students (Health wise). Suicide is a voluntary self-inflicting injury or act of violence with the intent of dying (Teen Suicide). Suicide is such a depressing way to end your life, especially for young people. Young people have their whole life ahead of them, college, discovering themselves, making a family, and just living their life. Committing suicide throws these choices away and it can negatively impact the people around themRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Suicide Suicide is a growing problem in American culture. Sadly, teens are affected the most. Teen suicide is increasing rapidly. â€Å"About 5,000 teens in the United States kill themselves each year† (Peacock, 4). Suicide among teens is a serious and devastating crisis. More teens are taking their lives today than ever before. Teen suicide does not affect one specific type of teen; it affects any type of teen. There are a variety of reasons teens resort to committing suicide. Many people are workingRead MoreTeen Suicide And Teenage Suicide1371 Words   |  6 PagesGutierrez Concepcion Gutierrez-Yanez Mrs. Gallos English 3 Honors April 6, 2017 Teen Suicide Brandy Vela, an eighteen-year-old high school student, committed suicide right in front of her family. Due to all the bullying over her weight, and especially in social media, she pulled the trigger and ended her life. It is said that her sister had heard a noisy disturbance and when she went upstairs to her sister’s room, she found Vela holding a gun pointing at her chest. â€Å"She is just crying and cryingRead MoreTeen Suicide Is A Complicated Tragedy1476 Words   |  6 Pages Teen Suicide Suicide is always a complicated tragedy that leaves people with many questions and few answers. When a teen commits suicide, everyone is affected, family members, friends, classmates, teachers, neighbors, and even outsiders. Teen suicide rates have had a major increase over the years. It has been proven to be the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds (APA â€Å"Teen Suicide is Preventable†). Society must provide reliable resources to help ensure that American societyRead More The Causes of Teen Suicide Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesTeen suicide is becoming more common every year in the United States. In fact, only car accidents and homicides (murders) kill more people between the ages of 15 and 24, making suicide the third leading cause of death in teens and overall in youths ages 10 to 19 years old. Read on to learn more about this serious issue - including what causes a person to consider taking their own life, what puts a teen at risk for suicide or self-harm, and warning signs that someone might be considering suicide

Thoreau, New Mexico Report Free Essays

Kaitlyn Willett Thoreau, New Mexico City Report Practically all residents pronounce the town’s name like â€Å"thuh-roo† (similar to â€Å"through† or â€Å"threw†) and definitely not like â€Å"thorough† or â€Å"throw. † Thoreau lies along Interstate 40 and the historic U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Thoreau, New Mexico Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Route 66. The climate in Thoreau is desert, with sparse vegetation typical of the region. Common plants include pinyon pine and juniper trees, sagebrush, tumbleweeds, and some short, sparse grasses. Summers are relatively mild, due to Thoreau’s high elevation and persistently low humidity. Cold, persistent, very high winds are common in spring, usually through much of the month of March. Thoreau supports three public schools in the Gallup-McKinley County Public School District. The public school mascot is the hawk, and the school colors are green and gold. In addition to the Navajo traditional beliefs (medicine men and Native American church) the Saint Bonaventure Catholic mission and several Protestant denominations are also active in Thoreau, including Baptists, Latter Day Saints (Mormons), Church of Christ, Church of God, and some independent congregations. The Native American culture and history is strong in Thoreau. The Navajo Nation operates a Chapter House here, and many Navajo residents speak their native language. Thoreau is a local trading center for artisans including rug weaving, sand painting, silver making, pottery making, and turquoise jewelry making. Anasazi archaeological sites connecting with Chaco Canyon can be found in and around the town. In Thoreau, there are only 73. 7% American Indians, 13. 3% Hispanic, and 12. 9% White. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,863 people, 532 households, and 405 families. Thoreau is your typical western setting. Hot days, cold nights, and lots of sand. Rattlesnakes and lizards are commonly found just about everywhere so you have to watch your every step. Though it gets pretty hot, the wind there will knock you down. History is all throughout Thoreau. It is home to the Navajo Indians and once to the Pueblos. The Pueblo Indian ruins are found in Chaco canyon and many are still standing. But how did the Navajo make their way to New Mexico? Starting in the spring of 1864, around 9,000 Navajo men, women and children were forced on The Long Walk of over 300 miles to Fort Sumner, New Mexico. It was a failure for a combination of reasons. It was designed to supply water, wood, supplies, and livestock for 4,000–5,000 people; it had one kind of crop failure after another; other tribes and civilians were able to raid the Navajo; and a small group of Apaches had been moved there. In 1868, a treaty was negotiated that allowed the surviving Navajos to return to a reservation that was a portion of their former nation. I bet almost everyone in here has never in their life heard of Thoreau, New Mexico. But though it is not commonly heard of, it is full of history and culture. To the Navajo Indians to the huge red mountains and cliffs, it is a town worth visiting. How to cite Thoreau, New Mexico Report, Essay examples

Maslow And Dostoyevski Essays - Human Behavior, Cognition

Maslow And Dostoyevski Maslow suggested that a person lacking food, love, and self esteem would most likely hunger for food the most. Yet on the other hand the novelist Dostoyeski viewed this issue in an entirely different matter. He wrote that without a firm idea of himself and the purpose of his life, man cannot live even if surrounded with bread. These are two very debatable points in which may be argued upon for years. First of all, I would like to share my view of this issue as a whole. I believe the point that the novelist Dostoyeski made, (that a good life is more cravable than food,) is more likely to be true in most matters. The reason I think this way is because I couldn`t see myself not having a plan on what to do next in life. I always have to have an idea in mind about what is going to come up next in my life or I will have a horrible feeling of unsecureness and probably not be a very stable person. A good example of this is college. I have know clue what I want to be in life but I am sure that in a couple years down the road from now I will be studying hard in college working on a future career. Knowing this always makes me feel good about myself. Furthermore, I always have to know were I stand whether it be in a popularity status, school status, or even a family one! With out a firm idea of those issues I would probably go crazy and not even know what the word food meant. So in conclusion to Destoyeski quote, I believe that everyone has a place and a purpose in life, yet if a person doesn`t know were they stand or their purpose in life who are they And this is why I believe that knowing yourself, your standards, and goals is more important critically speaking because without those all you would have in your life is food! Secondly I would like to lay a few points down on why I believe Maslow`s point is less valuable than Dostoyevski. I believe that Maslows point is to be more literally taken. Without food of course we can not survive. Hunger is a natural instinct and our mind just automatically says to us, you must eat, and gives you a strong feeling of hunger. Knowing were you are going in life, were you stand, and who you are, is very important because not knowing were you are going in life, were you stand, and who you are, will leave you with just one thing. (FOOD) So in conclusion to the two issues I wrote about, I strongly have to go with Dostoyevski`s point just because life is all about going places, even if it is just going out onto the street and living as a bum. Allot of people set goals yet never quite accomplish them. That doesn`t mean their life is meaning less, it just shows that their life is lacking motivation. And so that is why I think a meaning less life would be a lot worse than starvation.

Meanings of Tool

Meanings of Tool Meanings of Tool Meanings of Tool By Maeve Maddox A reader wants to know who’s right about the use of the word tool: My brother vehemently asserts that a tractor counts as a tool, since it is an invention that helps someone do something. However, the rest of [my friends and family] maintain that since it is mechanical as opposed to manual, it does not fit the general connotation of a tool. Please help in settling this discussion once and for all. Like many common English words, tool is used with both literal and figurative meanings. Take the word hammer, for example. At the most basic level of meaning, a hammer is an implement for pounding nails or breaking something up. But pianos contain hammers that strike strings without breaking them, to produce sound. King Edward I of England (1239-1307) is known as â€Å"the Hammer of the Scots† because of his military incursions into Scotland, when he did his best â€Å"to hammer† the inhabitants into submission. So is it with tool. The noun tool has been with us since King Alfred’s day, when he used it in his translation of Boethius to refer to one of the necessities of life: â€Å"a tool [to practice] some craft.† Tool derives from an Old Germanic verb that meant â€Å"to prepare† or â€Å"to make.† In his dictionary of 1755, Dr. Johnson (1709-1784) defined tool as â€Å"any instrument of manual operation.† The OED expands on this basic definition: tool noun: a mechanical implement for working upon something, as by cutting, striking, rubbing, or other process, in any manual art or industry; usually, one held in and operated directly by the hand (or fixed in position, as in a lathe), but also including certain simple machines, as the lathe; sometimes extended to simple instruments of other kinds, [like a lens]. By extension, tool can refer to anything that helps a person carry out a job. For example, the tools I use to write these articles about language include a computer, the Google Ngram Viewer, and an assortment of reference books. Shakespeare plays on two meanings of tool in the opening scene of Romeo and Juliet. Sampson and Gregory, characters in the employ of the Capulets, make jokes laced with sexual innuendo. When two men employed by the Montagues enter, Gregory says, â€Å"Draw thy tool! here comes [sic] two of the house of the Montagues.† One meaning of tool common in Shakespeare’s day was â€Å"a weapon of war, especially a sword.† Another meaning for tool that the audience would have been aware of was â€Å"the male generative organ.† In reference to a person, a tool is â€Å"a person used by another for his own ends; one who is, or allows himself to be, made a mere instrument for some purpose†: Making a shocking statement of moral equivalence, Turness  stated  in 2006,  We have to ask ourselves, are we being the tool of terrorists or the tool of the government?    The idiom â€Å"tools of the trade† refers to anything that used in a particular occupation to achieve an intended goal: While the strategic goal of professional  campaigning  remains the same as it ever was- finding enough votes to win an election- the  tools of the trade  have undergone, and continue to undergo, a permanent technological revolution. The expression â€Å"to down tools† means, â€Å"to refuse to work, especially because you are not satisfied with your pay or working conditions,† as in this headline: Clinical interns threaten to down tools over allowances To get back to the question that prompted this post, the reader’s brother is not wrong to refer to a tractor as a tool in the context of something used to perform a task. Here, in an article about missionaries in Belize, the word tool is used with both meanings, â€Å"a handheld implement† and â€Å"a means of getting something done†: Fortunately, Paul  had  shipped his tractor, bush hog, plows, tools and other farming implements to Belize. The tractor has proved to be an invaluable tool, especially with rock removal. Note: Tool has other uses as a verb. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleOne Fell SwoopGrammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

30 Words Inspired by 29 People and An Elephant

30 Words Inspired by 29 People and An Elephant 30 Words Inspired by 29 People and An Elephant 30 Words Inspired by 29 People and An Elephant By Maeve Maddox Thousands of English words may be classed as eponyms, words derived from proper names. Many eponyms derive from deliberate choices to call a product, invention, or scientific discovery after the person most closely associated with it, for example: macadam, guillotine, pasteurisation. Sometimes scientific terms are coined to honor a famous person or a friend, for example, watt, ohm, and dahlia. Other eponyms derive from characters in fiction, mythology, or geographical locations, for example rambo, hermaphrodite, marathon. Eponyms I find especially interesting are those that derive not from a deliberate naming process, but from distinctive associations with specific individuals. Here are 30 eponyms that owe their existence to somethingphysical features, manner of dress, writing style, profession, or behaviorassociated with specific people (and one elephant). The People 1. bowdlerize [bÃ… dlÉ™-rÄ «z, boud-] remove sexually offensive words or passages from a written work before publishing it. From Thomas Bowdler (1754-1825) who published an edition of Shakespeare that left out such things as the porter scene in Macbeth. As preposterous as the idea may seem now, it was a boon to women who had previously been deterred from reading the plays by their parents, husbands, or dread of social disapproval. 2. boycott [boikÃ… t] refuse to do business with with someone. From Charles C. Boycott (1832-1897), the Irish land agent for an absentee landlord. Boycott refused to conform to land reforms supported by the Irish Land League. The League acted against Boycott by preventing his access to stores, postal service and other economic necessities. Boycotting is an important tool in campaigns of passive resistance to unjust social conditions. 3. cardigan [krdÄ ­-gÉ™n] style of sweater that opens at the front. From James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan who is said to have worn a knitted waistcoat to keep warm on campaign. He was one of the commanders in the field on the day of the fatal Charge of the Light Brigade in the Crimean War. 4. casanova [kÄÆ'sÉ™-nÃ… vÉ™] This is one of those many euphemisms for a man who preys on women. One definition is a man gallantly attentive to women. Others are promiscuous man, or philanderer. From Giacomo Jacopo Girolamo Casanova de Seignalt (1725-98), an Italian adventurer who wrote a memoir in which he bragged about his conquests. 5. chauvinism [shÃ… vÉ™-nÄ ­zÉ™m] fanatical patriotism or an intense belief in the superiority of ones own gender, group, or kind. From Nicholas Chauvin, a soldier in Napoleons Army who was a by-word for stubborn loyalty to Napoleons Empire long after Napoleons defeat. Male chauvinism is the belief that men are congenitally superior to women and therefore have the right to set the standards for acceptable female behavior. The adjective is chauvinistic. 6. C-section (shortening of Caesarian Section) medical procedure in which a child is delivered by being cut from the mothers womb. Tradition traces the word to the belief that Roman Dictator Julius Caesar was so born. However, Roman doctors performed the procedure to save a child when the mother died before completing delivery. Julius Caesars mother, Aurelia Cotta, lived to raise her grand-daughter. The word Caesarian for the medical procedure may have more to do with the family name Caesar than with Aurelias son. Caesar comes from Latin caesus, past participle of caedere, to cut. 7. gerrymandering [jÄ•rÄ“-mÄÆ'ndÉ™r, gÄ•r-] practice of dividing voting districts to give unfair advantage to one party. From Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814). The shape of one of the voting districts suggested the body of a salamander, prompting a staffer at the Boston Gazette to coin the word Gerrymander. 8. leotard [lÄ“É™-trd] tights worn for dancing. From Jules Là ©otard (circa 1839-1870), French acrobatic performer who was the inspiration for the 1867 song The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze. 9. luddite [lÃ… ­dÄ «t] opponent of technological progress. From Ned Ludd, an English laborer who was supposed to have destroyed weaving machinery around 1779. Later on (1811-1816) a band of weavers calling themselves Luddites destroyed machinery in the Midlands and northern England. 10. lynch [lÄ ­nch] Originally lynching meant any kind of impromptu justice, chiefly flogging. Now it means to hang someone in a mob frenzy without a trial. From William Lynch, the author of Lynchs Law. The law was an agreement with the Virginia General Assembly in 1782 that allowed Lynch to capture and punish criminals in Pittsylvania County without trial. The county lacked official courts. 11. machiavellian [mÄÆ'kÄ“-É™-vÄ•lÄ“-É™n] characterized by expediency, self-interest, and deceit. From Niccolà ² Machiavelli (1469-1527), Italian political theorist who wrote The Prince (1513). In it Machiavelli argues that the most effective way for men and governments to achieve and maintain power is to act without regard to moral considerations. 12. Mae West [mÄ  wÄ•st] a type of inflatable life jacket. Named for buxom U.S. film star Mae West (1892-1980). 13. marcel [mr-sÄ•l] a hairstyle characterized by deep regular waves made by a heated curling iron. Named for Francois Marcel, 19th century French hairdresser who invented the process in 1872. Can be used as a verb. 14. martinet [mrtn-Ä•t] a military officer who demands strict obedience to regulations; by extension, anyone who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules. Coined from the name of Col. Jean Martinet, a French drillmaster during the reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715). 15. masochism [mÄÆ'sÉ™-kÄ ­zÉ™m] sexual pleasure in being hurt or abused. Coined in 1883 by German neurologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902), from the name of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836-95). Sacher-Masoch was an Austrian novelist who wrote Venus in Furs, a novella about a man who enjoys submissive relationships with cruel women. The adjective is masochistic. 16. McCarthyism [mÉ™-krthÄ“-Ä ­zÉ™m] the practice of accusing people of political disloyalty without evidence; the use of unfair investigation methods to suppress opposition. From U. S. Senator Joe McCarthy (1908-1957). Playwright Arthur Miller allegorized McCarthy and his methods in The Crucible, a drama about the 1692 witch hunt and hangings in Salem, Massachusetts. 17. mirandize [mÉ™-rÄÆ'ndÄ «z] to read the legal rights to a suspect arrested on a criminal charge. From Ernesto A. Miranda (1941-1976), a laborer whose conviction on kidnapping, rape, and armed robbery was overturned because arresting officers had failed to inform him of his legal rights. Heres the rest of the story: Ernesto Miranda was retried after his conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court. In his second trial, his confession was not presented. Nevertheless, he was again convicted of kidnapping and rape based on other evidence. He served eleven years in prison before being paroled in 1972. After his release from prison, he made money by selling Miranda rights cards with his signature on them. In 1976, at the age of 34, he was stabbed to death in a bar fight. The man suspected of killing him invoked his Miranda rights and refused to talk to police. He was released and never charged with Mirandas murder. Mark Eiglarsh 18. Oscar statuette awarded for excellence in film acting, directing, etc., given annually since, 1928 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The name Oscar was first applied to the statuette in 1936. The story is that Margaret Herrick, the Academys librarian, reacted to her first look at the statuette with the remark: He reminds me of my Uncle Oscar. Her uncle was Oscar Pierce, U.S. wheat farmer and fruit grower. 19. pompadour [pÃ… mpÉ™-dà ´r, -dÃ… r] hair style in which the front of the hair is swept up and back in a large roll. Named for Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour (1721-1764) mistress of Louis XV. A masculine version of the pompadour brushes the hair up from the forehead. 20. Ponzi scheme [pÃ… nzÄ“] an investment scam by which early investors are paid off from the contributions of later ones. Named for Charles Ponzi, who perpetrated such a scam from 1919 to 1920. The name Ponzi may be eclipsed by that of Madoff to describe such a scheme. Ponzis scheme netted only a few million dollars. Bernard Madoff stole $50 billion from his investors over a period of several decades. 21. quisling [kwÄ ­zlÄ ­ng] traitor; turncoat; enemy collaborator. From Vidkun Quisling (1887-1945) a Norwegian politician who headed a puppet government for the Nazis during the World War II occupation of Norway. 22. raglan [rÄÆ'glÉ™n] having or being a sleeve that extends in one piece to the neckline of the garment, with slanted seams from the armhole to the neck. Named for Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan who was minus an arm. The special type of sleeve made his jacket fit better. Usually seen in the phrase raglan sleeve. 23. Reaganomics the economic policies of tax cutting and deficit spending. Named for Ronald Reagan, U.S. President from 1981 to 1989. 24. rubenesque [rÃ… «bÉ™-nÄ•sk] plump or fleshy and voluptuous. From Flemish painter Sir Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) whose paintings favor that particular female body type. 25. sadism [sÄ dÄ ­zÉ™m, sÄÆ'dÄ ­z-] love of cruelty. From Count Donatien A.F. de Sade (1740-1815), a.k.a. the Marquis de Sade. He wrote novels that, according to the Wikipedia article, explored such controversial subjects as rape, bestiality and necrophilia. He was a proponent of extreme freedom (or at least licentiousness), unrestrained by morality, religion or law, with the pursuit of personal pleasure being the highest principle. The adjective is sadistic [sÉ™-dÄ ­stÄ ­k]. 26. sideburns [sÄ «dbà »rnz] strips of hair at the sides of the face. The word began as burnsides and referred to a style of facial hair that consisted of flaring side whiskers joining in the mustache. The chin was clean-shaven. Named for U.S. Army Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside (1824-81) who wore them. The words elements changed places by the process of folk etymology (false etymology). 27. tattersall [tÄÆ'tÉ™r-sà ´l, -sÉ™l] a pattern of dark lines forming squares on a light background; type of fabric with small and even check pattern. From Richard Tattersall (1724-1795), founder of Tattersalls, a London horse market and gambling rendezvous he founded in 1766. The pattern was a traditional one for horse blankets. 28. Victorian [vÄ ­k-tà ´rÄ“-É™-nÄ ­zÉ™m, -tÃ… r-] In one sense, the adjective can refer simply to the period of history that corresponds more or less to the reign of Queen Victoria of Britain (1837-1901), a period during which Britain led the world militarily, industrially, and politically. In another sense it signifies prudish behavior and social attitudes typical of the time. The phrase Victorian London evokes the image of a city of extremes. On one hand middleclass morality was so uptight that the word limb was preferred to more graphic words such as leg and arm. Ive read that even piano legs were carefully clothed with ruffled coverings for reasons of modesty. On the other hand abandoned children slept in doorways in slums so depraved that police were afraid to go into them. 29. wellingtons [wÄ•lÄ ­ng-tÉ™n] waterproof boots of rubber or sometimes leather reaching to below the knee and worn in wet or muddy conditions. Named for Arthur, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769-1852), who also in his lifetime had a style of coat, hat, and trousers named for him as well as varieties of apple and pine trees. ...and the Elephant 30. jumbo [jÃ… ­mbÃ… ] unusually large. In the 1880s jumbo was an English slang word for clumsy, unwieldy fellow. The famous elephant named Jumbo lived in the London Zoo for 17 years and was a great favorite with the English public. U.S. showman P.T. Barnum bought Jumbo for $10,000 in 1882. Thanks to circus advertising, the name Jumbo became a synonym for huge. In those days before animal protection laws, poor Jumbo did not have a happy life. Born in the French Sudan in 1861, he spent some time being exhibited in Paris before going to the London Zoo in 1865. When Barnum offered to buy him, 100,000 English school children wrote to Queen Victoria begging her to stop the sale. To no avail. Read Jumbos sad story at Wikipedia. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†What is Dative Case?10 Functions of the Comma

Assignmens Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignmens - Assignment Example Infanticide is murder and it is indeed a crime. Morally one cannot harm any creature which has life unless it is for his survival. Abortion is immoral because it is a killing of a life. A fetus is a developing person and a human in formation. Just because the fetus is silent and unseen it does not lose the right to live. It is a life form given chance to live in world by God and no one has the right to abort its life. Immorality is any effort of human to kill another life form. A fetus is human and killing is crime and against natures law. A fetus has the right to live and need to give consideration which a human get and hence killing a fetus is immoral. Abortion is a shame on humanity and is equal to killing of a person. No, Thompson does not provide a defensible argument to the right to life. Right to life is something which God bestow upon a creature and a human does not have the power to kill a fetus. A fetus is life and a mother and a human has an obligation to protect the life. The life could be taken only if it is a threat to the life of the mother or her health. Unless and other wise, these is no defensible argument which can justify abortion. Thompson considers the fetus out of rape as a threat to mother, but the child which is unborn is innocent and is her offspring so she should protect it. A mother cannot unplug a child from her body like an ailing person who is connected to her. A child is the blood and gene of a mother and she is no way can steal her right to live. George is right on arguing against abortion as they advocate fetus to be a complete person. A human being is formed from the point of fertilization. When ovum and sperm unite, the human is formed and then it is a person. The authors are right on the fact that a mother has the responsibility of protecting her child in the womb. An embryo has pain and it can feel as a life form and has the right to live. The author explains that fetus performs bodily action and can have

Nutritional Value of Fast Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutritional Value of Fast Food - Essay Example The sandwich itself comes with vegetables included such as tomatoes, pickles, onions, and lettuce leaves. Thus giving the sandwich more nutritional value for my money. It is a heavy meal because of the proteins that were combined and the Kaiser bun itself is light in texture although quite filling to the stomach. Topping off the meal with a Lemonade drink helps cut the calorie and fat count of the sandwich since acidity in food or drinks has been known to have a positive effect on the intake of carbohydrates and fats. I eat these types of meals at Wendy's about once a week. As a full-time student, I find that I do not have the time to whip up a meal from scratch. Wendy's burgers and drinks offer me a healthy meal alternative that helps me achieve the nutritional needs of my body. I grab the meal to go or for delivery and sit at my study desk as I continue to concentrate on my studies. This type of food gives me the much-needed energy boost that helps me get through my long study sess ions that often last well into the night. Chili's Entree: Grilled Chicken Salad 270 Calories 14 g. Total Fat 4 g. Sat. Fat 14 g. Carbohydrates 25 g. Protein 4 g. Fiber 610 mg. Sodium Drink: Frosty Chocolate Shake 690 Calories 33 g. Fat 21 g. Sat. Fat 92 g. Carbohydrates 8 g. Protein 0 Fiber 210 mg. Sodium Comment: I normally eat at Chili's about once or twice a month depending upon my financial needs for the next 2 weeks. I do not usually carbo load unless I have to, such as when I need to have marathon study sessions or when I need to finish a school paper within a matter of hours. I normally watch what I eat and make sure that the food will not harm my body in any way. Which is why I normally order the Grilled Chicken Salad at Chilies. It is a very filling meal that has a decent number of calories and a very controlled amount of fats in it. Since the chicken is grilled, the skin is removed and the part used is usually the breast which is known to be the healthiest part of the chic ken. It is served with a light vinaigrette on a bed of vegetables that are as fresh as they can come. I often top the meal with a Frosty Chocolate Shake because I have a weakness for milkshakes. The calcium that I get from the shake helps augment my limited calcium intake during the week. Knowing that the food at Chili's is always healthy, I really wish I could eat there more than once a month. But the prices are prohibitive and I need to watch my budget so I always make sure to drop in for a decent and healthy meal every time I have the extra cash on hand to do so. Comment on Student #1: Student # 1 readily shared his experience with eating the â€Å"junk food† of all burgers, that is McDonald's. A McDonald's meal easily satiates one's appetite due to the overwhelming amount of grease and preservatives that go into the preparation of their sandwiches and fries. That is why when it comes to eating fast food sandwiches, it is always best to look for the ones that come with a n utritional rating that supports the sandwich ingredients. His choice of Dr. Pepper is also alarming. Knowing that sodas are laden with sugar and nothing more than that, it was a wise decision for the student to shy away from McDonald's for the rest of the year.  

Introduction Of Organic Growth Marketing Essay

Introduction Of Organic Growth Marketing Essay Organic growth represents the true growth for the core of the company, as a results of how well one company can use its internal resources to expand profits. Its the process of business expansion due to the increasing of sales, overall customer base, total assets, intangible assets or any combination of the following above. It also reflect the sustainable capacity of one company As a results of organic growth, Inorganic growth is the opposed of organic growth which results mergers and acquisitions, such as growth that are not coming from one companys existing business which also includes the impact of foreign exchange or growth that come from buying a new business that may be negative. Organic growth expanding are adjusted for the effects of acquisitions and disposals of business. Organic growth does include growth that are over a period that results from investment in businesses in one company owned at the beginning. Acquisitions, and the decline from sales and closures of whole businesses are not included into the organic growth expanding. When a company does not disclose organic growth number, its usually possible to estimate them by estimating the numbers for acquisitions made in the period being looked at and in the previous year, Its useful to break down organic sales growth into that coming from market growth and that coming from profits gains in market share, this also makes it easier to see how sustainable growth is. Relating to organic input in an organization, it can also relate to the act of closing or shutting down cost centers through established organic methods instead of waiting for a finance list. How is Organic Growth Measured Organic growth is generally measured in terms of increased sales, profits or total assets. And most companies are constantly faced with the challenges from this in their business. Businesses can choose to build their in-house competencies, invest to create competitive advantages, differentiate and innovate in their products or service line or leverage upon the market, products and revenues of other companies. Simply put, business expansion with the help of the businesses core-competencies and sale refers to organic growth and is in contrast with inorganic growth approach where expansion objectives are met though mergers and acquisition. This is also known as MA which is one of the most popular program now. An excellent example of organic growth probably (Apple Inc.). The growth rate at Apple is driven by trend-setting product innovation. Macintosh, I Mac, I Pod and the latest technological breakthrough pioneered by Apple is the I Phone, dont mention about the latest I phone 5. In research, Steve jobs, Founder of Apple Inc. comments Our belief was that if we kept putting great products in front of our customers, they would continue to open their wallets. Microsoft, on the other hand is a clear case of In-Organic growth is measured as it has successfully completed more than 100 acquisitions since 1986. Inorganic growth or growing through mergers and acquisitions also provides the following benefits below to the business plan. To reduce market competition Instantly adds service lines to acquiring company Provides access to fresh customer base and adds new geographical locations within Acquire an established marketing channel New management skills Time to market substantially reduced which gives businesses a significant competitive edge Building brans and marketing channels to serve customers better Focus on growth strategies (It is easy to prepare and plan well) Organizational efficiency Industry and economic factors play a crucial role in motivating companies to adopt the inorganic route for growth. Slowing industry growth rate, fragmented industry, too many competitors fighting for the same market share are some compelling reasons which push businesses towards MA route. Other than that, economic slump creates opportunities for cash rich companies to get hold of unutilized capacities of loss making competitors at attractive valuation. The success of organic growth is a test of the managements ability to share a common vision and deliver that vision. Companies growing organically not only measure their success on financial metrics alone but take careful note of other metrics like customer satisfaction metrics, product quality metrics, logistics and supply chain metrics etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..some of the typical characteristics of businesses which believe in the benefits of organic growth are customer centricity. 3.Types of Organic Growth Type of organic growth strategies are built up of, Revenue, Headcount, Public Relations Quality. This are all the four main pillars that support Organic Growth. Revenue is the lifeblood of any business. Without dollars flowing in, it is impossible to pay employees, suppliers and vendors. Businesses that are growing organically seek to grow revenue volume in the most efficient manner possible. Revenue growth eventually leads to profit growth, which is the final goal of organic growth strategies. Headcount is critical for any growing business. As revenue grows, companies can afford to hire more employees. For customer service, sales and marketing and production departments to function efficiently, they must properly well staffed. A good HR department is critical to the success of a growing company. Quality is more important than quantity for company headcount, as employees are the biggest asset of any small or big enterprises. Public Relations and advertising allow companies to get the word out about their products and services. Good public relations drives traffic to company websites and gets perspective customers attention. Good public relations strategies also allow for revenue growth to keep those properly staffed departments busy. While bad public relations can be more damaging to a company than good Public relations can be effective. Word of mouth or social media and traditional public relations avenues all must be used and monitored to ensure positive word of mouth advertising and branding. Quality in growing company started with the first contact a customer has with the corporation all the way to delivery of the final product. To successfully grow any enterprise, there needs to be a quality product. Organic growth relies on repeat business from satisfied customers. Customers will rarely buy a product a second time if the first impression or experience isnt top notch. Quality control and customer service are critical to gaining a sufficient sales volume to grow a company. Whether its a website or an in person sales presentation, the initial contact with potential clients must be top notch. Product quality, customer service and product support need to continue the standard of excellence that the marketing and sales departments begins. With all four pillars growing in sync, organic growth is inevitable. Organic Growth (Internal External Methods) Compare Internal growth External growth, internal growth is typically a slower process and can be financed by asking shareholders to contribute more capital, or by ploughing back profits into business. The main disadvantage of such an approach is that it takes time. In the meanwhile, rivals may be expanding and gaining competitive advantage. However, the main advantage is that the business is able to maintain a healthy gearing position. Because it is not building up external debts that require interest repayments, it is better placed maintain solvent growth. In addition ownership and control of the business is more likely to be retained by the existing shareholders. Many of the leading companies owe much of their early growth to internal growth, where through hard work and careful planning the original owners were able to grow their businesses successfully. While External growth can be carried out by seeking external finance, or merger and acquisition. These approaches tend to reply on bringing external fiancà © into the business in order to fund expansion, and therefore can lead to a deteriorating gearing postion. Merging with another company is a mutual arrangement whereby two companies join together. Typically one company will issue shares in exchange for shares in another company. A take-over occurs when one business acquires a controlling interest in another. This Involves purchasing at least half of the shares in the company being taken over. External growth enables fast expansion of business but there are a number of problems. Where two companies come together, the cultures may be quite different and difficult to match up. In additional there may be disagreements between managers who are used to work in a different practices and systems. The business change needs to be handled carefully from the human resource management perspective. Experts Comments According to experts, getting organic growth right is the key point to success. Organic growth is the lifeblood of every company. While acquisitions are a path to growth, Booz Company research shows that few acquisitions can be justified on cost synergies alone; buyers must be able to grow organically what they acquire. Yet most companies struggle with organic growth, especially when their business models and markets have matured. There are many reasons for this. For example, short-term pressures to produce profits can stunt investment, and typecasting some businesses as cash cows and others as growth engines can become self-defeating. One very common problem is chasing rainbows that will never be caught, while the best opportunities are hiding in plain sight. In an economy still facing massive headwinds, the ability to grow organically is more crucial than ever; companies can no longer see organic growth as an everyday task best to the operating units. Organic Development Preferred Many see organic growth as the most preferred growth strategy, for example, Banks considered organic growth to be the number one strategic priority, a survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) has found that 92 percent of survey participants saw opportunities more on organic growth than in acquisition. The proportion was 10 percentage points higher. The survey of more than 100 senior banking executives found there could be a growth in branch expansions in 2012, as 39 percent of those polled said they planned op open up to 25 braches this year, while 11 percent planned to open more then than 100 branches. According to one of the spoke man, that fiqure was in line with the finding that 35 percent say small and medium enterprises (SMEs) will generate the highest growth in lending in 2012, while savings accounts (43 percent) will be the most popular form of funding. Conclusion To conclude, Overall growth option offer intrinsic value in their own way and the choice is dependant on the market and industry scenario as well as the strategic vision of the business. In face, a good management principle would be to use a combination of both methods to gain a steady growth pattern in which benefits the business in a long run. Using organic growth options for things which one does best, and using inorganic growth measures for the expanding the business potential is a potent mix when it comes to gearing up for growth. Inorganic growth is not necessarily in conflict with the organic growth, acquisitions are meant to complement the organic growth rather than act as a substitute, that talent and technology that was elsewhere and which can now be integrated to boost company performance. Thus, smaller companies with low risk taking abilities should establish their presence in market through organic approach to growth and eventually should look to accelerate their growth rate by strategic acquisitions once they have financial ability to bear the risks that come along with mergers and acquisitions. Bigger companies on the other hand should allocate their investment capacity between internal investments on enhancing competitiveness and acquisitions to tap into faster growth options by consolidating within the industry, acquiring presence in other markets and bringing in newer technologies or talents that complement and enhance their competitive position.

Critical thinking Essay

1. What do the authors mean by â€Å"templates†? It means that you can use right away to structure and even generate your own writing. 2. What does critical thinking require? It requires the questioning of assumptions, develop strong claims, offer supporting reasons and evidence, and consider opposing arguments. 3. How would you describe the difference between â€Å"arguing† and â€Å"entering† a conversation? In â€Å"arguing†, you assert the views of yourself and when you â€Å"enter the conversation†, you present the views of other people. 4. What famous argument do the authors use as an example? Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† 5. Using the 1st template on page 9, fill in the blanks with a controversial topic that interests you. He claims that gay marriages are acceptable, and I have mixed feelings about it. On the one hand I agree that a gay marriage is a commitment. On the other hand, I still insist that a marriage should be between a man and a woman. 6. What do the authors mean by a â€Å"larger conversation† and how are you supposed to use it as a writer? In particular, read page 19 carefully. â€Å"Larger conversation† helps the writer show what the information is responding to the point of the thesis. 7. What suggestions do the authors make for starting your paper? Start with what others are saying as in the title of the chapter recommends. 8. Isolate 10 templates you might actually use in your writing and explain the function of each. * Americans have always believed that __________________. * Conventional wisdom has it that ______________________. * Common sense seems to dictate that ___________________. * The standard way of thinking about topic X has it that _____. * It is often said that _________________________________. * My whole life I have heard it said that __________________. * You would think that ______________________________. * Many people assume that ___________________________. * I’ve always believed that ___________________________. * When I was a child, I used to think that ________________. 9. Define â€Å"return sentence.† A sentence that returns to the motivating â€Å"They say†. 10. On page 29, the author describes the qualities of a good summary. What are they? A good summary requires balancing the writing when the author writes and emphasizing those aspects of what the author is trying to say. 11. From each of the verb categories listed on page 37, select 5 that you think you might actually use in an argument. * Argue * Observe * Claim * Emphasize * Believe 12. According to the authors, why is it important to quote others? Quotes give tremendous amount of credit to the summary and also helps make sure it’s fair or equal. 13. Briefly summarize what the authors have to say about the relevant quotations. You need to have a sense of what you want to do with the quotations. 14. Give 5 examples of templates used for introducing quotations. * According to X, â€Å"_____________________.† * X Himself writes, â€Å"____________________.† * In her book, _______, X maintains that â€Å"___.† * X agrees when she writes, â€Å"______________.† * X complicates matters further when she writes, â€Å"______.†

The Industrial Revolution During The 20th Century

The industrial revolution was one of the biggest innovations from the 18th to 19th centuries. The Industrial Revolution changed the way the world was looking at altogether; new things were possible, things that no one ever could’ve dreamed of. In addition, creating new methods of production, manufacturing times were greatly lowered, meaning the product could be given to the public faster and in larger quantities. The Industrial Revolution was when the world finally began to move into the future, due to it, we have the world we live in today. The American economy was caught in transition in the event of the Civil War. What had been an almost purely agricultural economy in 1800 was in the first stages of an industrial revolution which would†¦show more content†¦When the Industrial Revolution reflects upon, not every change can be thought of in a blissful manner. Factories needed workers, and often time children were resorted to as cheap employees. Many children were killed during the Industrial Revolution; these children obviously didn’t have the motor skills to be working in factories. Eventually child labor laws were created to put restrictions on child labor exploiters. All the labor was done manually and required physical forces so the productivity was slow, an example was the cotton production, which involved only in person to clean the cotton by extracting the seed and produce threat, subsequence the demand of cotton John Kay invented the Flying shuttle to speed the process of weaving and the demand of threat. Then, because of the advance other inventors came with more innovated ideas. Another great invention was the spinning mule in 18th century invention that spun textile fibers into yarn by an intermittent process: in the draw stroke, the roving is pulled through and twisted; on the return it is wrapped onto the spindle. The steam engine began to

The Patent And Its Effect On The Improvement And...

A patent is the right to individually protect intellectual property from others making, using, selling or importing the invention granted by the United States government. The patent was first seen in 1474 in Venice, when the statute allowed grants and restrictions of European monopolies. Similar to the modern patent, an explanation, description, and proof of the inventions usefulness was required in order to receive the patent. Over time, the British system adopted this system and after U.S. and British history together, the U.S. government inevitably adopted and modified it to what the Patent Laws are today. Briefly, the importance of the patent being legally accepted contributes to the improvement and advancement of overall technology. It allowed individual progression without the doubt or fear of others or government embezzlement. This proved that over time, society was getting less malignant and trust was improving on a political and social level. The following will explain the importance of a patent and the different types of patents and brief international patenting. Also, the legal cases that helped shape policies and regulations will be explained and interpreted in detail to show the history of U.S patents was not perfect and that some modifications were made along the way to reach what it is today. Lastly, the requirements and detailed process on how to obtain a patent and what one can and cannot do once a patent is obtained will be explained. The importance of aShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Economic Growth. When Studying Economics,1646 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Economic Growth When studying economics, one often finds periods of growth as well as periods of recession. There have been many reasons for these highs and lows throughout history. The United States has experienced many recessions dating back to the 1929 depression under Herbert Hoover to the most recent 2008-2009 depression caused by failing housing markets and malpractice (Amadeo,2017). However; the U.S. economy has always recovered and has flourished after recessions. One of theRead MoreHow Technological Progress Drives Growth1547 Words   |  7 Pagescapital provided a simple and natural explanation. But Robert Solow s fundamental work in the late 1950s showed that capital accumulation could account for less than half of the growth in U.S. income per capita. Solow suggested that ongoing improvements in technology might tell the rest of the story. While subsequent work refined Solow s analysis, it did little to upset the basic conclusion that capital accumulation provides a very incomplete exp lanation for why countries grow. While interest in growthRead MoreNanotechnology : Developing Technology And Developing Nations1451 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, nanotechnology may be bundled in a lot of the discussions taking into consideration appearing technologies as well as developing nations. Nevertheless, the materials taking into consideration nanotechnologies towards establishing earth possesses frequently assorted in the interpretation associated with just what nanotechnology in fact is. Additionally, despite a wide range of perspectives towards the meaning, appropriateness as well as possible result associated with nanotechnologyRead MoreCompetitive Advantage Case Study: Intel Corporation Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesIntel collaborated with Apple for Apple’s microprocessor needs. By 2006, Apple transitioned to ship its line of Macs and Mac Pro with Intel processors. In 2007, Intel unveiled its Core microprocessors. The product line was, not only a tremendous improvement to processor per formance, but is also considered a leap. In 2008, and almost every year after, Intel would introduce faster and better performing Core processors. Consequently, Intel was able to regain the market share it lost due to competitionRead MoreThe Impacts of Globalization and Technology on Healthstream1205 Words   |  5 PagesHealthstream Over the last several years, globalization and technology are having an impact on the kinds of changes that are occurring inside a variety of corporations. In the case of Healthstream, the firm is focused on reaching out to clients in the healthcare sector by providing innovative technological solutions. The different areas they are focusing on include: learning / talent management, administrative support, employee training / continuing education and account management. These elementsRead MoreThe New Product Development : Samsung Electronics1625 Words   |  7 PagesLee Kun-Hee. The new management was focused on achieving Quality over Quantity, Low cost Products to Differentiation and Cheap Wages to pioneers in Technology and Branding . The key areas where the company focused were: Speed to Market : The Company identified Speed as a means of attaining competitive advantage in the market. The rapid pace of technology shift meant that the company needs to adapt to changes and bring forth the innovations to succeed in the market. New Product Development : the aggressiveRead MoreImpact Of New Technologies On Healthcare Costs1258 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of New Technologies on Healthcare Costs Aim of This Project Healthcare costs continue to greatly exceed the rate of inflation and are one of the largest financial concerns in the United States. While technology is often anecdotally cited as being the largest contributor to this issue, we would delve deeper into the research and data available to verify whether this is true or not. The aim of this project is manifold. The first objective is to examine the costs which are associated with newRead MoreThe Benefits Of Business Information826 Words   |  4 Pagesadministrations must stay aware of consistent patent updates – Significantly then afterward a patent may be finalized also issued it could even now make doled out should another owner, reclassified or appended to a patent crew. Big abstracts technologies absorb abstracts sets to acquaint accommodation makers at an adapted time, such as back they are assessing budgets or aggregation productivity, authoritative decisions added proactive. With bigger industry acumen too, businesses can optimize allRead MorePersonal Statement : Elon Musk1366 Words   |  6 Pagesto perfection that they want to follow him. Elon may be transforming the way we as a society do business. An article on Forbes.com last June stated Elon has open-sourced his company’s patents. This displayed intellectual courage and perseverance in order to help the advancement of electric vehicle technology and accelerate his vision to solve climate change for the world. This idealized influence shows excellent business leadership. As quoted in an article on IncomeDiary.com, Elon’s is notRead MoreU.s. R And D Industrial Policy1993 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch topics explores how the United States domestic industrial policies supporting research and development influence business and entrepreneurial behaviors within the U.S., which industries has this benefited the most, overall societal impacts of advancements in technology and automation, and finally how this supports comparative advantage for the United States as well as implications for developing nations. The U.S. Congress has funded the RD tax credit on a continual basis since 1981

The Past And Present Of Writing - 1496 Words

Every piece of writing starts from an idea of another piece of writing that has already been written. Writers from the past, present, and even future can all thank one another for their great ideas and inspiration to write. Each piece of writing is either history or history in the making. History last forever, and the reason that people have knowledge about the past is because of writes documentation. Without old writings, one would not have valuable information about how people lived hundreds of years ago, how people acted, as well as how America was run as a country. Therefore, writings from 400 years ago, to even 2016 have not only informed one about history, but also shaped the way Americans live their lives to this day. Present day Americans are obsessed with technology and are always on the web looking at different information on an array of topics in many different places. Many years ago, one would have to travel to learn what about what was going on in another town or state. One similarity between the past and present is the newspaper. One can find all sorts of information about many topics from reading any published newspaper. Benjamin Franklin published Poor Richard s Almanack for many years. His almanac is very much like a newspaper as it contained valuable information to help inform and entertain, just like a newspaper does. Poor Richard’s Alamack gave advice for anyone who was reading to take in and use the information. In one publication of the Alamac,Show MoreRelatedCommand Of The Conventions Of Standard English Grammar And Usage When Writing Or Speaking1040 Words   |  5 PagesDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking o CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1.B Form and use the progressive (e.g., I was walking; I am walking; I will be walking) verb tenses. Theme Time Warp When Writing Lesson Topic: Verb Tenses Objectives Language 1. Students will recognize verb tenses: present continuous tense 2. Students will differentiate use between present tense and present continuous tense Content 1. Students will understand that verbs change formRead MoreInvestigating the Extent to Which Historians Can Be Objective1137 Words   |  5 PagesInvestigating the Extent to Which Historians Can Be Objective ‘You have reckoned that history ought to judge the past and to instruct the contemporary world as to the future. The present attempt does not yield to that high office. It will merely tell you how it really was’ - Leopold Von Ranke ‘There are no facts, only interpretations’ – Nietzsche Here we encounter two diametrically opposed views concerning objectivity. It can be argued that â€Å"true† objectivity cannotRead MoreWhat Is The Rule For Forming Questions Within The Simple Present And Simple Past?1523 Words   |  7 Pagesin the simple present and simple past in English? Questions in the simple present can be formed in a couple of ways with questions lacking question words such as â€Å"Do† and â€Å"Does† (examples: Do you read short stories? and Does Frank play the violin?), and questions containing question words such as â€Å"What,† â€Å"When,† and â€Å"Where† (examples: What do you type on your laptop?, When does your brother go to school, and Where do you visit your relatives?). To form a question in the simple past, the auxiliaryRead MoreTradition And The Individual Talent944 Words   |  4 Pagesrequires great ambition and focus to learn from past poets. A great poet must learn from predecessors of the difficult art before he or she takes to writing great poetry. According to Eliot writers must learn from the past, conform to present-day traditions, and realize their poetry will be compared to past and present works. Eliot’s belief of tradition is complex and different from the standard definition of tradition. The works from the past great poets create the definition of tradition, accordingRead MoreSyllabus1484 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation. * Supplying information. | Language Skills and Knowledge | Listening: Listening where people ask for personal information.Speaking: How to give information requested.Reading: Different types of identification forms and documents. Writing: Complete an application form from a patient. Grammar: Wh – Questions and answers with it’s. Verb to be. Functional Language: Asking for personal details. Exchange for personal information (names, phone numbers, e-mail address, etc.) | Week 3 Read MoreMatthew Arnold as a Poet and Critic1500 Words   |  6 Pagesa literary text and seeing how, if at all, it enlivens the spirit of the writer in relation to what is around him. During the first half of the twentieth century, literary critics became aware and conscious of the interaction between the past and the present. The interests of the critics ranged from the poetics of Plato and Aristotle, through the theory and criticism of the Renaissance, and to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They were most deeply indebted to the nineteenth century. OfRead MoreThe Influence of Books on the Past and Present Literacy850 Words   |  3 Pagesinfluence of religious books such as the bible on the past and present states of literacy. Past literacy based on religious books shows the origin of the biblical practices of exorcism and the culture of Protestantism in England. It describes the superstitions surrounding the early forms of education and the difficulty they bring as regards the understanding of religious books. The article shows that the understanding of the bible influenced the present state of literacy by introducing prudence and enlightenmentRead MoreHistorical Settings Of Apocalyptic Texts1745 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ways in which people did this was by writing texts to define who they were, where they came from, and what they stood for. Jewish authors during the second temple period used the historical settings in their writings to forward agendas, which were often shaped by present concerns. These historical settings w ere sometimes fallacious and were written not to accurately depict past events, but to validate authors’ experiences and agendas in their present society. The historical settings of apocalypticRead MoreAmerican Indian Activism And Setting Ground As A Feminist Writing1659 Words   |  7 Pagescomes to writing, the purpose and voice of the author is extremely important when it comes to reaching out to the intended audience. Writing is all about authors expressing themselves through poems, books, short stories, etc. For the most part, authors write for different purposes whether it is for informing, entertaining, or persuade. As for Joy Harjo, this author bases her writing on expressing her views and opinion on American Indian activism and setting ground as a Feminist writing. She is knownRead MoreAnalysis Of The Writings Of Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allan Poe1335 Words   |  6 Pages Review of writings of Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Edgar Allan Poe. By Mantegbosh Letyibelu Irving, Poe, and Hawthorne were arguably some of the most popular writers of the 19th century (Dincer 223; Lauter 2505). All three of them are known for their short essays and their advocacy to make writing a full-fledged and legitimate profession. Their writings show that they were hugely influenced by the Romantic Movement (romanticism); ‘a movement in art, literature, music, philosophy

Michael Manley Free Essays

Michael Norman Manley (December 10, 1924 – March 6, 1997) was the fifth Prime Minister of Jamaica (1972 – 1980, 1989 – 1992). The second son of Jamaica’s Premier Norman Manley and Jamaican artist Edna Manley, Michael Manley was a charismatic figure who became the leader of the Jamaican People’s National Party a few months before his father’s death in 1969. Contents [hide] 1 Reforms 2 Diplomacy 3 Violence 4 Opposition 5 Re-election 6 Family 7 Retirement and death 8 Sources 9 Notes Reforms Manley soundly beat the unpopular incumbent Prime Minister Hugh Shearer (his cousin) in the election of 1972 after running on a platform of â€Å"better must come,† giving â€Å"power to the people† and leading â€Å"a government of truth. We will write a custom essay sample on Michael Manley or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Manley instituted a series of socio-economic reforms that yielded mixed success. Though he was a biracial Jamaican from an elite family, Manley’s successful trade union background helped him to maintain a close relationship with the country’s poor, black majority, and he was a dynamic, popular leader. Unlike his father, who had a reputation for being formal and businesslike, the younger Manley moved easily among people of all strata and made Parliament accessible to the people by abolishing the requirement for men to wear jackets and ties to its sittings. In this regard he started a fashion revolution, often preferring the kariba shirt or bush jacket over a formal suit. Diplomacy Manley developed close friendships with several foreign leaders, foremost of whom were Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, Olof Palme of Sweden, Pierre Trudeau of Canada and Fidel Castro of Cuba. With Cuba just 145 km (90 miles) north of Jamaica, he strengthened diplomatic relations between the two island nations, much to the dismay of United States policymakers. At the 1979 meeting of the non-aligned movement, Manley strongly pressed for the development of what was called a natural alliance between the Non-aligned movement and the Soviet Union to battle imperialism. In his speech he said, â€Å"All anti-imperialists know that the balance of forces in the world shifted irrevocably in 1917 when there was a movement and a man in the October Revolution, and Lenin was the man. Manley saw Cuba and the Cuban model as having much to offer both Jamaica and the world. In diplomatic affairs, Manley believed in respecting the different systems of government of other countries and not interfering in their internal affairs. Violence Manley was the Prime Minister when Jamaica experienced a significant escalation of its political culture of violence. Supporters of his opponent Edward Seaga and the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) and Manley’s People’s National Party (PNP) engaged in a bloody struggle which began before the 1976 election and ended when Seaga was installed as Prime Minister in 1980. While the violent political culture was not invented by Seaga or Manley, and had its roots in conflicts between the parties from as early as the beginning of the two-party system in the 1940s, political violence reached unprecedented levels in the 1970s. Indeed, the two elections accompanied by the greatest violence were those (1976 and 1980) in which Seaga was trying to unseat Manley. Violence flared in January 1976 in anticipation of elections. A State of Emergency was declared by Manley’s party the PNP in June and 500 people, including some prominent members of the JLP, were accused of trying to overthrow the government and were detained, without charges, in a specially created prison at the Up-Park Camp military headquarters [1]. Elections were held on 15 December that year, while the state of emergency was still in effect. The PNP was returned to office. The State of Emergency continued into the next year. Extraordinary powers granted the police by the Suppression of Crime Act of 1974 continued to the end of the 1980s. Violence continued to blight political life in the 1970s. Gangs armed by both parties fought for control of urban constituencies. In the election year of 1980 around 800 Jamaicans were killed. While the murder rate in Jamaica has long been high, Jamaicans were particularly shocked by the violence at that time. In the 1980 elections, Seaga’s JLP won and he became Prime Minister. Opposition As Leader of the Opposition Manley became an outspoken critic of the new conservative administration. He strongly opposed intervention in Grenada after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop was overthrown and executed. Immediately after committing Jamaican troops to Ronald Reagan’s invasion of Grenada in 1983, Seaga called a snap election – two years early – on the pretext that Dr Paul Robertson, General Secretary of the PNP, had called for his resignation. Manley, who may have been taken by surprise by the maneuver, led his party in a boycott of the elections, and so the Jamaica Labour Party won all seats in parliament against only marginal opposition in six of the sixty electoral constituencies. During his period of opposition in the 1980s, Manley, a compelling speaker, travelled extensively, speaking to audiences around the world. He taught a graduate seminar and gave a series of public lectures at Columbia University in New York. In the 1980s a Judicial Enquiry, the Smith Commission, was held on the 1976 State of Emergency. Manley admitted that he declared it on evidence that was manufactured to help him win the forthcoming election. In 1986 Manley travelled to Britain and visited Birmingham. He attended a number of venues including the Afro Caribbean Resource Centre in Winson Green and Digbeth Civic Hall. The mainly black audiences turned out en masse to hear Manley speak. Re-election By 1989 Manley had softened his socialist rhetoric, explicitly advocating a role for private enterprise. With the fall of the Soviet Union, he also ceased his support for a variety of international causes. In the election of that year he campaigned on a very moderate platform. Seaga’s administration had fallen out of favor – both with the electorate and the US – and the PNP was re-elected handily. Manley’s second term was short and largely uneventful. In 1992, citing health reasons he stepped down as Prime Minister and PNP leader. His former Deputy Prime Minister, Percival Patterson, assumed both offices. Family Michael Manley had 5 children: Rachel Manley, Joseph Manley, Sarah Manley, Natasha Manley and David Manley. Retirement and death Manley wrote seven books, including the award-winning A History of West Indies Cricket, in which he discussed the links between cricket and West Indian nationalism. Michael Manley died of prostate cancer on 6 March, 1997, the same day as another Caribbean politician, Cheddi Jagan of Guyana How to cite Michael Manley, Essay examples

Nature, Scope and Importance of Business Policy free essay sample

Mansi Arora Madan (JIMS faculty), for helping me in giving me all relevant information about the product and service. I would hereby, make most of the opportunity by expressing my sincerest thanks to all my faculties whose teachings gave me conceptual understanding and clarity of comprehension, which ultimately made my job more easy. Credit also goes to all my friends whose encouragement kept me in good stead. Their continuous support has given me the strength and confidence to complete the project without any difficulty. Finally I would like thank all lecturers, friends and my family for their kind of support and to all who directly or indirectly helped me in preparing this project report and special thanks to Wikipedia. org. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Electronic commerce or e-Commerce as is known today evolved as businesses (end to end process) started to shift from real time market to digital market. All of the business today as we see is done over the internet and anything which is not there is meant to be wiped off. Ecommerce, the online shopping system has brought down political and physical barriers giving everyone in the world an equal playing ground for their market, everyone can put their products on sale through the e-stores(website dedicated to selling of product, a virtual store). Speaking about the last decade we saw a great market, rise over the internet, online shopping was introduced wherein firstly computer scientists got interested in then it came to general public and gradually became a substitute for the real market place. Ecommerce, as is generally thought of, is not the birth child of â€Å"The Web† but it just got kick’ started by â€Å"The Web†. Online shopping developed with B2B as well as with B2C since everybody is on internet, and development is going on each and every second for grabbing a better share of the market. Even as we write this article on Ecommerce with our exhaustive research!!! May just be not enough. In this study I’ve tried to capture the highlights in the area of e-commerce industries , How it started and Milestones India has achieved in e-commerce history. I’ve also done a brief report on the top 3 players in e-commerce sector in India i. e. ebay, flipkart ,snapdeal like marketing strategies, Value cost analysis which includes Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of all the 3 players, plus measured the Risk taken by these companies through SWOT analysis. INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRY India has an internet user base of about 137 million as of June 2012. The penetration of e-commerce is low compared to markets like the United States and the United Kingdom but is growing at a much faster rate with a large number of new entrants. The industry consensus is that growth is at an inflection point with key drivers being: Increasing broadband Internet and 3G penetration, Rising standards of living and a burgeoning, upwardly mobile middle class with high disposable incomes ,Availability of much wider product range (including long tail and Direct Imports) compared to what is available at brick and mortar retailers, Busy lifestyles, urban traffic congestion and lack of time for offline shopping, Lower prices compared to brick and mortar retail driven by disintermediation and reduced inventory and real estate costs , Increased usage of online classified sites, with more consumer buying and selling second-hand goods , Evolution of the online marketplace model with sites like ebay , flipkart, and snapdeal . Indias e-commerce market was worth about $2. 5 billion in 2009, it went up to $6. 3 billion in 2011 and to $14 billion in 2012. About 75% of this is travel related (airline tickets, railway tickets, hotel bookings, on line mobile recharge etc. ). Online Retailing comprises about 12. 5% ($300 Million as of 2009). India has close to 10 million online shoppers and is growing at an estimated 30% CAGR vis-a-vis a global growth rate of 8–10%. Electronics and Apparel are the biggest categories in terms of sales. Indias retail market is estimated at $470 billion in 2011 and is expected to grow to $675 Bn by 2016 and $850 Bn by 2020, – estimated CAGR of 7%. According to Forrester, the e-commerce market in India is set to grow the fastest within the Asia-Pacific Region at a CAGR of over 57% between 2012–16. Indias e-tailing markct -post/indian-e-tailing-market/ Indian Retail Market Size and Growth Estimates. HISTORY One of the most popular activities on the Web is shopping. It has much allure in it — you can shop at your leisure, anytime, and in your pajamas. Literally anyone can have their pages built to display their specific goods and services. History of ecommerce dates back to the invention of the very old notion of sell and buy, electricity, cables, computers, modems, and the Internet. Ecommerce became possible in 1991 when the Internet was opened to commercial use. Since that date thousands of businesses have taken up residence at web sites. At first, the term ecommerce meant the process of execution of commercial transactions electronically with the help of the leading technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) which gave an opportunity for users to exchange business information and do electronic transactions. The ability to use these technologies appeared in the late 1970s and allowed business companies and organizations to send commercial documentation electronically. Although the Internet began to advance in popularity among the general public in 1994, it took approximately four years to develop the security protocols (for example, HTTP) and DSL which allowed rapid access and a persistent connection to the Internet. In 2000 a great number of business companies in the United States and Western Europe represented their services in the World Wide Web. At this time the meaning of the word ecommerce was changed. People began to define the term ecommerce as the process of purchasing of available goods and services over the Internet using secure connections and electronic payment services. Although the dot-com collapse in 2000 led to unfortunate results and many of ecommerce companies disappeared, the brick and mortar retailers recognized the advantages of electronic commerce and began to add such capabilities to their web sites (e. g. after the online grocery store Webvan came to ruin, two supermarket chains, Albertsons and Safeway, began to use ecomme rce to enable their customers to buy groceries online). By the end of 2001, the largest form of ecommerce, Business-to-Business (B2B) model, had around $700 billion in transactions. According to all available data, ecommerce sales continued to grow in the next few years and, by the end of 2007, ecommerce sales accounted for 3. 4 percent of total sales. Ecommerce has a great deal of advantages over brick and mortar stores and mail order catalogs. Consumers can easily search through a large database of products and services. They can see actual prices, build an order over several days and email it as a wish list hoping that someone will pay for their selected goods. Customers can compare prices with a click of the mouse and buy the selected product at best prices. Online vendors, in their turn, also get distinct advantages. The web and its search engines provide a way to be found by customers without expensive advertising campaign. Even small online shops can reach global markets. Web technology also allows to track customer preferences and to deliver individually-tailored marketing. History of ecommerce is unthinkable without Amazon and Ebay which were among the first Internet companies to allow electronic transactions. Thanks to their founders we now have a handsome ecommerce sector and enjoy the buying and selling advantages of the Internet. Currently there are 5 largest and most famous worldwide Internet retailers: Amazon, Dell, Staples, Office Depot and Hewlett Packard. According to statistics, the most popular categories of products sold in the World Wide Web are music, books, computers, office supplies and other consumer electronics. Amazon. com, Inc. is one of the most famous ecommerce companies and is located in Seattle, Washington (USA). It was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos and was one of the first American ecommerce companies to sell products over the Internet. After the dot-com collapse Amazon lost its position as a successful business model, however, in 2003 the company made its first annual profit which was the first step to the further development. At the outset Amazon. om was considered as an online bookstore, but in time it extended a variety of goods by adding electronics, software, DVDs, video games, music CDs, MP3s, apparel, footwear, health products, etc. The original name of the company was Cadabra. co m, but shortly after it become popular in the Internet Bezos decided to rename his business Amazon after the worlds most voluminous river. In 1999 Jeff Bezos was entitled as the Person of the Year by Time Magazine in recognition of the companys success. Although the companys main headquarters is located in the USA, WA, Amazon has set up separate websites in other economically developed countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and China. The company supports and operates retail web sites for many famous businesses, including Marks Spencer, Lacoste, the NBA, Bebe Stores, Target, etc. Amazon is one of the first ecommerce businesses to establish an affiliate marketing program, and nowadays the company gets about 40% of its sales from affiliates and third party sellers who list and sell goods on the web site. In 2008 Amazon penetrated into the cinema and is currently sponsoring the film The Stolen Child with 20th Century Fox. According to the research conducted in 2008, the domain Amazon. com attracted about 615 million customers every year. The most popular feature of the web site is the review system, i. e. he ability for visitors to submit their reviews and rate any product on a rating scale from one to five stars. Amazon. com is also well-known for its clear and user-friendly advanced search facility which enables visitors to search for keywords in the full text of many books in the database. One more company which has contributed much to the process of ecommerce development is Dell Inc. , an American company located in Texas, which stands third in computer sales within the industry behind Hewlett-Packard and Acer. Launched in 1994 as a static page, Dell. com has made rapid strides, and by the end of 1997 was the first company to record a million dollars in online sales. The companys unique strategy of selling goods over the World Wide Web with no retail outlets and no middlemen has been admired by a lot of customers and imitated by a great number of ecommerce businesses. The key factor of Dells success is that Dell. com enables customers to choose and to control, i. e. visitors can browse the site and assemble PCs piece by piece choosing each single component based on their budget and requirements. According to statistics, approximately half of the companys profit comes from the web site. In 2007, Fortune magazine ranked Dell as the 34th-largest company in the Fortune 500 list and 8th on its annual Top 20 list of the most successful and admired companies in the USA in recognition of the companys business model. History of ecommerce is a history of a new, virtual world which is evolving according to the customer advantage. It is a world which we are all building together brick by brick, laying a secure foundation for the future generations. OBJECTIVES  ·To study the performance of ecommerce Industry in India  ·To study the strength, weakness threats of the player’s in ecommerce Industry.  ·To study the customer profile of the player’s in ecommerce Industry.  ·To study the market share owned by the player’s in ecommerce industry in India. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Methodology is the basic framework and the approach that has to be followed to carry out the approach used to collect the data, the sources of primary data, i. e. from where and how it has been collected. Research is a diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, applications etc. Methodology is system of methods followed by particular discip line. Thus, Research Methodology is the way how we conduct our research. In the present project report type of research conducted is Quantitative research. Exploratory research is undertaken which involves extensive scanning of secondary data. The best websites are considered which gives all the efficient and effective information. References for the project are from the websites and books and the company’s . COMPETITORS India has the fastest growing ecommerce sector with its high population and development potential. flipkart, snapdeal ,yebhi. com , ebay, amazon, fashion and you, myntra, jabong, naaptol, homeshop18 are major sites in India. In this project report I’ll be discussing the top 3 sites in ecommerce sector in India. Flipkart was founded in 2007 by Sachin and Binny Bansal, both alumni of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. They worked for Amazon. com before quitting and founding their own company. Initially they used word of mouth marketing to popularise their company. A few months later, the company sold its first book on flipkart. com—John Woods Leaving Microsoft to Change the World. Today, as per Alexa traffic rankings, Flipkart is amongst the top 20 Indian Web sites and has been credited with being Indias largest online bookseller with over 11 million titles on offer. The store started with selling books and in 2010 branched out to selling CDs, DVDs, mobile phones and accessories, cameras, computers, computer accessories and peripherals, and in 2011, pens stationery, other electronic items such as home appliances, kitchen appliances, personal care gadgets, health care products etc. Further in 2012, Flipkart added A. C, air coolers, school supplies, office supplies, art supplies life style products to its product portfolio. As of today, Flipkart employs more than 4500 people. Marketing Strategies Flipkart has been mostly marketed by word of mouth advertising. Customer satisfaction has been their best marketing medium. Flipkart very wisely used SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and Google Ad-words as the marketing tools to have a far reach in the online world. Flipkart. com official Facebook page has close to 9 lac likes. Flipkart recently launched a series of 3 ads with the tag line No Kidding No worries. Kids were used to create the adverts to send out the message if a kid can do it, you can also do it. The message is very clear to make people more comfortable with Flipkart, to generate a great customer relationship and loyalty on the basis of great product prices and excellent customer service. All in all to create a great ustomer experience. | Foundation date|2007| Headquarters[-gt;0]|Bangalore[-gt;1], India| Area served|India[-gt;2]| Founder(s)[-gt;3]| ·Sachin Bansal ·Binny Bansal| Key people|Sachin Bansal Binny Bansal| Industry[-gt;4]|Internet[-gt;5], Online retailing[-gt;6]| Products[-gt;7]|Flipkart. com, Electronic Wallet[-gt ;8], Mime360. com, Chakpak. com, Flyte Digital Music Store| Services[-gt;9]|Electronic commerce[-gt;10]| Revenue[-gt;11]| 500 crore[-gt;12] (US$92 million) (FY[-gt;13] 2011–12)[1]| Employees[-gt;14]|4500| Slogan(s)[-gt;15]|The Online Megastore| Website[-gt;16]|Flipkart. com[-gt;17]| Alexa[-gt;18] rank| 209; India: 12 (April 2013)[2]| Type of site|Online shopping[-gt;19]| Advertising[-gt;20]|yes| Registration|Optional (required for buying Digital Content)| Available in[-gt;21]|English[-gt;22]| Launched|2007; 6 years ago| Current status|Online| Snapdeal. com was started in February 2010, as a daily deal platform, but later expanded into product retailing across various categories. Snapdeal claims to have a subscriber base of more than 20 million and has a presence across 4000+ towns and cities. Snapdeal. com is a online retail website, headquartered in New Delhi, India. The company was started by Kunal Bahl, a Wharton graduate and Rohit Bansal, alumnus of IIT Delhi, in February 2010. In January 2011, Snapdeal received a funding of $12 million from Nexus Venture Partners and Indo-US Venture Partners. Subsequently, in July 2011, the company raised a further $45 million from Bessemer Venture Partners, along with existing investors Nexus Venture Partners and Indo-US Venture Partners, taking the total investment in the company to $52 million. In June 2010, Snapdeal acquired Bangalore-based group buying site, Grabbon. com. In April 2012, Snapdeal acquired esportsbuy. com, an online sports goods retailer based out of Delhi. Marketing Strategies Snapdeal does three things effectively which pretty few start-ups do. The following simple strategies could help you promote your new company with good results. 1. Customer Data is GOLD! Using Facebook and history of customers purchases helps a lot for a small business to target effectively. In the Sponsored Ads category of Facebook, different ads of Snapdeal appear in different user-profiles. Personalization helps in gaining positive attention and real customers. 2. Effective Social Media Marketing! I would mention one example here. Earlier one social media enthusiast blogged about Snapdeal’s cheap advertising strategy in one of her blogs. The brand got a lot of negative buzz due to this. After the negative buzz, Snapdeal replied back apologizing for such advertisements. It was so positive that is created good vibes for the brand. To ERR IS HUMAN. But, how quick you (the brand / business) are to admit, accept and rectify it makes the difference. Snapdeal also created a lot of buzz on the Valentines Day of 2011 with an innovative Date With Me-Gul Panag campaign. It created a lot of excitement and positive word of mouth for the brand. Thus, effective social media marketing[-gt;23] is absolutely essential for a start-up to gain awareness. 3. Personalized E-mail Marketing! Effective usage of customer-data to personalize e-mail messages has also helped Snapdeal gain a lot of momentum. For example, Snapdeal has used my preferences and interests to target particular offers to me. Thats why, I lways get weekly travel offers from Snapdeal. Thus, start-ups who use mass-emailing tools beware your emails will be rarely opened and more often than not, theyll land in the Spam folder. These three simple methods could take your small business to the top. If you are a start-up and want help in marketing, or want to suggest anything, you are w elcome to connect with us. | URL[-gt;24]|www. snapdeal. com[-gt;25]| Type of site|Online shopping[-gt;26](Online marketplace[-gt;27])| Available language[-gt;28](s)|English| Users[-gt;29]|18+ Million Users| Owner|Kunal Bahl and Rohit Bansal| Launched|2010; 3 years ago| Alexa[-gt;30] rank| 508 (April 2012)[1]| Headquaters| New delhi| AuctionWeb was founded in San Jose, California, on September 5, 1995, by French-born Iranian-American computer programmer Pierre Omidyar (born on June 21, 1967) as part of a larger personal site that included, among other things, Omidyars own tongue-in-cheek tribute to the Ebola virus. One of the first items sold on AuctionWeb was a broken laser pointer for $14. 83. Astonished, Omidyar contacted the winning bidder to ask if he understood that the laser pointer was broken. In his responding email, the buyer explained: Im a collector of broken laser pointers. The frequently repeated story that eBay was founded to help Omidyars fiancee trade Pez candy dispensers was fabricated by a public relations manager in 1997 to interest the media, which were not interested in the companys previous explanation about wanting to create a perfect market. This was revealed in Adam Cohens 2002 book, The Perfect Store, and confirmed by eBay. Chris Agarpao was hired as eBays first employee and Jeffrey Skoll was hired as the first president of the company in early 1996. In November 1996, eBay entered into its first third-party licensing deal, with a company called Electronic Travel Auction to use SmartMarket Technology to sell plane tickets and other travel products. Growth was phenomenal; in January 1997 the site hosted 2,000,000 auctions, compared with 250,000 during the whole of 1996. The company officially changed the name of its service from AuctionWeb to eBay in September 1997. Originally, the site belonged to Echo Bay Technology Group, Omidyars consulting firm. Omidyar had tried to register the domain name echobay. com, but found it already taken by the Echo Bay Mines, a gold mining company, so he shortened it to his second choice, eBay. com. In 1997, the company received $6. 7 million in funding from the venture capital firm Benchmark Capital. Meg Whitman was hired as eBay President and CEO in March 1998. At the time, the company had 30 employees, half a million users and revenues of $4. 7 million in the United States. eBay went public on September 21, 1998,and both Omidyar and Skoll became instant billionaires. eBays target share price of $18 was all but ignored as the price went to $53. 50 on the first day of trading. As the company expanded product categories beyond collectibles into almost any saleable item, business grew quickly. In February 2002, the company purchased IBazar, a similar European auction web site founded in 1998 and then bought PayPal on October 14, 2002. By early 2008, the company had expanded worldwide, counted hundreds of millions of registered users, 15,000+ employees and revenues of almost $7. 7 billion. [15] After nearly ten years at eBay, Whitman decided to enter politics. On January 23, 2008 the company announced that Whitman would step down on March 31, 2008 and John Donahoe was selected to become President and CEO. Whitman remained on the Board of Directors and continued to advise Donahoe through 2008. In late 2009, eBay completed the sale of Skype for $2. 75 billion, but will still own 30% equity in the company. In July 2010, eBay was sued for $3. 8 billion by XPRT Ventures that accused eBay of stealing information shared in confidence by the inventors on XPRTs own patents, and incorporated it into features in its own payment systems, such as PayPal Pay Later and PayPal Buyer Credit. On December 20, 2010, eBay announced its acquisition of a German online shopping club, brands4friends. de, for â‚ ¬150 million ($197 million) to strengthen the companys interests in the fashion industry in Europe. It is subject to regulatory approval and expected to close it in the Q1 2011. Marketing Strategies Bay India one of the largest e commerce stores in India has launched a price challenge an age old marketing trick wherein they are challenging people to find prices lower than those advertised by eBay India. The challenge is focused on a select range of gadgets, including mobile handsets, MP 3 players and digital cameras. Most young Indian men are passionate about three things women, cars/bikes and gadgets . This campaign is targeted at tech savvy young men who take an interest in gadgets and reside in the top 10 metros of the country. Men in the age group of 18-35 years account for 70-75 per cent of the traffic on eBay. The site claims that men prefer buying gadgets, while women prefer buying jewelery from the site. According to afaqs eBay will use outdoor extensively in cities such as Lucknow, Coimbatore, Pune, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Chennai while Radio advertising will be used in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai and Hyderabad. While it will also use display advertising across major portals such as Yahoo. co. in and Rediff. com. Search marketing will also be used. Very recently Subhiksha used a TV campaign to highlight lowest prices for mobiles and they pulled it off quite well and that might have been motivation for EBay to launch this campaign. Indians being so price conscious I am sure this one month long campaign is definitely going to give eBay a good boost. If you are going to go for this campaign do keep a look out for Terms and Conditions wherein lies the catch Vodafone (Highlights) Type|Private| Industry|Telecommunications| Predecessor(s)|Hutchison Essar| Founded|1994| Headquarters|Mumbai, Maharashtra, India| Products|Mobile telephonyWireless broadband services| Owner(s)|Vodafone GroupTakshi Group| Parent|Vodafone International Holdings BV (VIH)| DEMAND AND SUPPLY RELATIONSHIP MARKET SHARE CUSTOMER PROFILE SEGMENTATION TARGETING ANALYSIS FLIPKART STP Segmentation:  ·All internet users and shoppers Target:  ·Flipkart concentrates on more Psychographic, which helps in deciding where to display ads online  ·They target online shoppers and people who don’t online shop (thus TVC to encourage them) Positioning: Customer delight (low price, free shipping, replacement of faulty products)  ·No kidding no worries  ·Online megastore  ·one stop solution snapdeal Snapdeal is Indias leading online marketplace. It offers shipping to over 4000 towns and cities in India covering 3000 plus brands in close to 200 different categories. It sells over 25000 units per day from more than 50000 different merchants. Snapdeal has been growing exponentially in customer base too with close to 1. 8 crore registered users in September 2012. Employee base of Snapdeal has also grown from 20 in February 2010 to over 1500 in September 2012. Let us now look at the STP strategy followed by Snapdeal. Segmentation : Identify desirable market segments Segmentation involves grouping consumers based on certain criteria. Snapdeal has done a very broad segmentation by grouping people who have internet access into one segment. There are other parameters for segmentation based on demographics, location, psychographic and behavioral pattern of people. Demographic segmentation Teens and young adults are grouped together into one segment. People in the age group of 16 to 30 years typically forms this segment. These people are either college students or people who have recently started earning. People having moderate to high family income are segmented together. Geographic segmentation Indian urban class Psychographic segmentat People in upper middle class Behavioral segmentation  · Internet savvy users  · People who are not afraid of online shopping  · People who love to get discounts  · People who want to try new products or services Targeting : Target your product for that segment Snapdeal focuses on mass online marketing but uses customer history to give a more personalized experience. Some of the strategies followed by Snapdeal are:  · Large base of internet users easily reached via o Customized email based on historic data o Social media o Online advertisements o Word of mouth Use of mobile apps to increase customer base  · Target people relying on internet for shopping  · Increase target market by partnering with corporate houses for bulk selling  · Target small and medium enterprises to showcase their product / service online for greater visibility. Besides following these strategies Snapdeal plans to target new marke ts by tying up with retailers in smaller towns and rural areas. Customers reluctant in shopping online can also be persuaded by keeping customer transactions data secure. Positioning : Position your brand to segment’s desires Snapdeal is currently positioned as best advertising and discount platform in the online Indian market. For product and service providers it acts as a great advertising platform and for consumers it acts as a low price online market. Snapdeal is trying to reposition itself with greater focus on quality. All the products showcased on the website are genuine. Each and every product is quality checked before being delivered to the customers. Even after repositioning its marketing strategy, Snapdeal aims to offer good value for money to consumers and remain highly competitive in the market. By following above mentioned STP strategy Snapdeal has been able to grow at a fast pace and has increased its customer base exponentially. ebay RISK SWOT ANALYSIS Vodafone have better technology so it can capture the customers of the other networks as well. | RECOMMENDATIONS By virtue of its service, customer satifaction and advertising strategy ebay. inc is successful in grabbing the highest market share in India, but there are still some recommendations from my study point of view is that ebay. inc needs to make its customer service more stronger than other service providers to dominate the market in future too. ebay. inc should introduce fast delivery service than the other because its competitor flipkart. com had introduced it. Low supports in promotion have lead to fluctuation in sale. It has affected the sale service brand image of ebay. inc especially in Cities. Persuasive Advertising, Advertising, Technical Expertise, Media, Sales promotion and Occasional discount can help snapdeal to give a tuff competition to ebay. inc and flipkart. com. The future of flipkart. com is getting brighter day by day. Their immense customer based services are adding to the value and goodwill of the company. Their services such as flyte music and electronic wallet etc. are very much capable of gathering interest of their customers and even attracting new customers. Their sense of innovation can be seen in their innovative ads, which takes them distinctly ahead of their competitors. They engage innovators all over the world to bring the customers the best communications technologies and products. Innovations in mobile advertising are gaining momentum, along with developing mobile TV services. Further interest for the future is in rich ecommerce within community and other applications, which will allow their customers to make calls, share pictures and other media all within single application. CONCLUSION The Indian Telecom Service provider industry is gearing for a revolution. The customer is driving this revolution and will see more unique and sophisticated offerings coming his way. The 3G which will pave the way for 3. 5G, 3. 75G and the next big thing-4G and the VAS services will keep the customer asking for more. The rural areas which have remained untapped will see an insurgence of services.